Table 1 Characteristics of the studied population at admission. Data are presented as counts (%), mean (± SD) or medial (IQRs)
From: Serum LDH levels may predict poor neurological outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
All patients (n = 547) | Unfavorable (n = 248) (GOS 1–3) | Favorable (n = 299) (GOS 4–5) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (± SD) | 54.044 (± 12.9) | 57.5 (± 12.9) | 51.2 (± 12.1) | < .001 |
Female gender, n (%) | 339 (62) | 159 (60.2) | 180 (64) | 0.348 |
APACHE II, median (IQR) | 12 (7; 18) | 18 (13; 21) | 8 (5; 11) | < .001 |
SOFA score, median (IQR) | 4 (1; 8) | 7.5 (5; 10) | 2 (1; 4) | < .001 |
GCS, median (IQR) | 14 (5; 15) | 5 (3; 13) | 15 (13; 15) | < .001 |
ICU length of stay, median (IQR) | 7 (2; 15) | 9 (2; 18) | 6 (2; 13.5) | 0.140 |
Hospital length of stay, mode (IQR) | 18 (9; 28) | 11 (2; 29.5) | 20 (15; 28) | < .001 |
MV, median (IQR) | 4 (2; 11) | 4 (1; 12) | 0 (0; 1) | < .001 |
mFisher 3–4, n (%) | 495 (90.5) | 239 (97.6) | 256 (87.4) | < .001 |
WFNS 4–5, n (%) | 246 (45) | 182 (73.4) | 64 (21.4) | < .001 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 233 (42,6) | 98 (40) | 135 (45) | 0.198 |
DM | 47 (8.6) | 32 (13) | 15 (5) | < .001 |
Heart disease | 63 (11.5) | 37 (15) | 26 (8.7) | 0.022 |
Previous ND | 38 (6.9) | 20 (8.1) | 18 (6) | 0.342 |
CRF | 10 (1.8) | 4 (1.6) | 6 (2) | 0.737 |
Asthma/COPD | 46 (8.4) | 22 (8.9) | 24 (8) | 0.712 |
Immunosuppression | 20 (3.7) | 10 (4) | 10 (3.3) | 0.663 |
Cancer | 26 (4.8) | 14 (5.6) | 12 (4) | 0.366 |
Cirrhosis | 6 (1.1) | 4 (1.6) | 2 (0.7) | 0.289 |
Alcohol, n (%) | 105 (19.2) | 35 (14.1) | 70 (23.4) | 0.006 |
Smoking, n (%) | 158 (28.9) | 49 (19.8) | 109 (36.5) | < .001 |
Drug abuse, n (%) | 14 (2.6) | 2 (0.8) | 12 (4) | 0.018 |
Treatment, n (%) | ||||
Endovascular | 405 (74) | 153 (61.9) | 252 (84.2) | < .001 |
Surgical | 84 (15,4) | 51 (20.6) | 33 (11) | 0.002 |
ICU management, n (%) | ||||
Sedation | 235 (43) | 175 (70.6) | 60 (20) | < .001 |
Opioids | 297 (54.2) | 160 (64.5) | 137 (45.8) | < .001 |
Curare | 85 (15.5) | 72 (29) | 13 (4.3) | < .001 |
Nimodipine | 479 (87.6) | 190 (76.6) | 289 (96.7) | < .001 |
Vasopressor | 299 (54.7) | 213 (85.9) | 86 (28.8) | < .001 |
Inotropes | 88 (16.1) | 70 (28.2) | 18 (6) | < .001 |
Inhalation anesthetic | 15 (2.7) | 9 (3.6) | 6 (2) | 0.247 |
Epilepsy prophylaxis | 372 (68) | 183 (74) | 189 (63) | 0.007 |
Prophylactic nimodipine | 427 (76.5) | 184 (74) | 240 (80.3) | 0.090 |
Osmotic therapy | 155 (27.8) | 134 (54) | 15 (5) | < .001 |
MV | 315 (57.6) | 228 (91.9) | 87 (29) | < .001 |
RRT | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0.119 |
ECMO | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) | 0.457 |
Hypotermia | 51 (9.1) | 47 (19) | 2 (0.7) | < .001 |
Monitoring, n (%) | ||||
EVD | 281 (51.4) | 181 (73) | 100 (33.4) | < .001 |
ICP | 278 (50.8) | 185 (74.6) | 93 (31.1) | < .001 |
LICOX | 77 (14) | 63 (25.4) | 14 (4.7) | < .001 |
cEEG | 307 (56.1) | 161 (64.9) | 146 (48.8) | < .001 |
Complictations, n (%) | ||||
Epilepsy | 128 (23.4) | 76 (30.6) | 52 (17.4) | < .001 |
Rebleeding | 37 (6.8) | 30 (12) | 7 (2.3) | < .001 |
Hydrocephalus | 186 (34) | 115 (46.3) | 71 (23.7) | < .001 |
Vasospasm | 215 (39.3) | 101 (40.7) | 114 (38.1) | 0.536 |
DCI | 134 (24.5) | 98 (39.5) | 36 (12) | < .001 |
ICHT | 214 (39.1) | 172 (70) | 42 (14) | < .001 |
Dec. craniectomy | 28 (5.1) | 24 (9.7) | 4 (1.3) | < .001 |
Barbituric | 71 (13) | 69 (27.9) | 2 (0.6) | < .001 |
Hyperventilation | 161 (29.4) | 142 (57.5) | 19 (6.4) | < .001 |
Cisternal thrombolysis | 9 (1.6) | 9 (3.6) | 0 (0) | < .001 |
IA nimodipine | 93 (17) | 62 (25) | 31 (10.4) | < .001 |
Angioplasty | 45 (8.2) | 23 (9.3) | 22 (7.4) | 0.409 |
Induced hypertension | 158 (29) | 106 (42.9) | 52 (17.4) | < .001 |