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Table 1 Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics

From: Plasma neurofilament light admission levels and development of axonal pathology in mild traumatic brain injury

 

All mTBI

CT-negative

CT-positive

p-value

Complete recovery

Incomplete recovery

p-value

OI controls

p-value

No. of patients (%)

93*

53* (57.0)

40 (43.0)

 

35*

58*

 

21

 

Years of Age

0.111 a

  

0.791a

 

0.870a

 Median (IQR)

47.00 (36)

46.0 (34)

52.00 (43)

 

47.00 (44)

47.00 (31)

 

43 (29)

 

 Mean (SD)

45.99 (19.59)

43.17 (18.4)

49.73 (20.72) (20.72)(20.72)

 

45.26 (21.91)

46.43 (18.24)

 

45.24 (16.1)

 

Sex n (%)

0.043 b

  

0.178b

 

0.305b

 Male

64 (68.8)

32 (60.4)

32 (80.0)

 

27 (77.1)

37 (63.8)

 

12 (57.1)

 

 Female

29 (31.2)

21 (39.6)

8 (20.0)

 

8 (22.9)

21 (36.3)

 

9 (42.9)

 

Worst GCS n (%)

0.106 c

  

0.775c

 

0.004c

 15

62 (66.7)

40 (75.5)

22 (55.0)

 

22 (62.))

40 (69.0)

 

21 (100)

 

 14

25 (26.9)

10 (18.9)

15 (37.5)

 

11 (31.4)

14 (24.1)

 

0

 

 13

6 (6.5)

3 (5.7)

3 (7.5)

 

2 (5.7)

4 (6.9)

 

0

 

Cause of injury n (%)

0.031 c

  

0.399c

 

0.057c

 Road traffic crash

28 (30.1)

17 (32.1)

11 (27.5)

 

7 (20.0)

21 (36.2)

 

4 (19.0)

 

 Incidental fall

49 (52.7)

22 (41.5)

27 (67.5)

 

22 (62.9)

27 (46.6)

 

12 (57.1)

 

 Violence/assault

9 (9.7)

8 (15.1)

1 (2.5)

 

4 (11.4)

5 (8.6)

 

0

 

 Other non-intentional injury

4 (4.3)

4 (7.5)

0

 

2 (5.7)

2 (3.4)

 

5 (23.8)

 

 Suicide attempt

1 (1.1)

1 (1.9)

0

 

0

1 (1.7)

 

0

 

 Other

2 (2.2)

1 (1.9)

1 (2.5)

 

0

2 (3.4)

 

0

 

 Isolated TBI n (%)

51 (54.8)

32 (60.4)

19 (47.5)

0.217 b

22 (62.9)

29 (50.0)

0.227b

-

-

 Extracranial injuries with TBI n (%)

42 (45.2)

21 (39.6)

21 (52.5)

13 (37.1)

29 (50.0)

-

-

CT findings (Marshall Grade), n (%)

0.333c

 

-

 Diffuse injury I, no visual pathology

53 (57.0)

53 (100)

0

 

24 (68.6)

29 (50.0)

 

-

 

 Diffuse injury II

25 (26.9)

0

25 (62.5)

 

8 (22.9)

17 (29.3)

 

-

 

 Diffuse injury III

3 (3.2)

0

3 (7.5)

 

0

3 (5.2)

 

-

 

 Diffuse injury IV

2 (2.2)

0

2 (5.0)

 

1 (2.9)

1 (1.7)

 

-

 

 Evacuated mass lesions

6 (6.5)

0

6 (15.0)

 

2 (5.7)

4 (6.9)

 

-

 

 Non-evacuated mass lesions

4 (4.3)

0

4 (10.0)

 

0

4 (6.9)

 

-

 

GOSE n (%)

0.086c

  

0.000c

 

-

 8

35 (37.6)

24 (45.3)

11 (27.5)

 

35 (100)

0

 

-

 

 7

32 (34.4)

16 (30.2)

16 (40.0)

  

32 (55.2)

 

-

 

 6

13 (14.0)

9 (17.0)

4 (10.0)

  

13 (22.4)

 

-

 

 5

4 (4.3)

2 (3.8)

2 (5.0)

  

4 (6.9)

 

-

 

 4

5 (5.4)

2 (3.8)

3 (7.5)

  

5 (8.6)

 

-

 

 3

4 (4.3)

0

4 (10.0)

  

4 (6.9)

 

-

 

Injury Severity Score

0.001d

  

0.037d

 

0.001d

 Median (IQR)

11.00 (15)

6.00 (11)

13.50 (9)

 

6.00 (12.00)

11.00 (13.00)

 

4.00 (0)

 

 Mean (SD)

12.12 (9.88)

9.55 (9.218)

15.40 (0.83)

 

9.56 (9.05)

13.65 (10.11)

 

4.57 (2.89)

 

 Admitted to hospital

68 (73.1)

32 (60.4)

36 (90.0)

0.001b

24 (31.4)

44 (75.9)

0.442b

17 (81.0)

0.457b

 Discharged from the emergency department

25 (26.9)

21 (39.6)

4 (10.0)

11 (68.6)

14 (24.1)

4 (19.0)

 
  1. Computed tomography negative (CT-negative) = Marshall 1, Computed tomography positive (CT-positive) = Marshall 2–6. Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) 8 = complete recovery, Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) 1–7 = incomplete recovery
  2. *For the injury severity score (ISS), there was no information available for 2 patients in the TBI cohort
  3. aIndependent samples T-test
  4. bChi-Square
  5. cFisher's Exact Test and
  6. dMann–Whitney U-test all with 0.05 significance level
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BMC Neurology

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