Table 2 Characteristics of 28 patients with tuberculous meningitis and cerebral sinus venous thrombosis
From: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) complicating tubercular meningitis
Characteristics | (n = 28) |
|---|---|
Age at onset, median (range), y | 31 (1–61) |
Sex (female), n (%) | 17 (60.7%) |
Pediatric,n(%) | 5 (17.9%) |
Pulmonary tuberculosis, n (%) | 6 (21.4%) |
Other risk factors | |
Spondylitis with epidural abscess | 1 (3.6%) |
Use of oral contraceptives | 1 (3.6%) |
Artificial pregnancy | 1 (3.6%) |
Artificial abortion | 2 (7.1%) |
Clinical manifestation, n (%) | |
Fever | 24 (85.7%) |
Headache | 23 (82.1%) |
Seizure | 18 (64.3%) |
Limb paralysis | 10 (35.7%) |
Disturbance of consciousness | 5 (17.9%) |
Cranial nerve paralysis | 5 (17.9%) |
Vomiting | 7 (25.0%) |
Paresthesia | 3 (10.7%) |
Diplopia | 3 (10.7%) |
Visual obscuration | 2 (7.1%) |
MRV finding, n (%) | |
Superior sagittal sinus | 17 (60.7%) |
Left transverse sinus | 11 (39.3%) |
Left sigmoid sinus | 9 (32.1%) |
Straight sinus | 2 (7.1%) |
Cavernous sinus | 2 (7.1%) |
Right transverse sinus | 1 (3.6%) |
Right sigmoid sinus | 0 (0.0%) |
MRI finding, n (%) | |
Hydrocephalus | 12 (42.9%) |
Exudates | 11(39.3%) |
Hemorrhage | 6 (21.4%) |
Meningeal enhancement | 6 (21.4%) |
Infarction | 4 (14.3%) |
Tuberculoma | 4 (14.3%) |
Treatment | |
Anti-tubercular therapy | 28 (100.0%) |
Anticoagulants | 14 (50.0%) |
Heparin | 7 (25.0%) |
Oral warfarin | 4 (14.3%) |
Rivaroxaban | 1 (3.6%) |
Unknown | 5 (17.9%) |
Vitamin K antagonist | 2 (7.1%) |
Aspirin | 1 (3.6%) |
Surgery | 1 (3.6%) |
Outcome, n (%) | |
Last mRS (0–2) | 21 (75.0%) |
Last mRS (3–5) | 2 (7.1%) |
Last mRS (6) | 5 (17.9%) |