The hip joint mobilization with movement technique improves muscle activity, postural stability, functional and dynamic balance in hemiplegia secondary to chronic stroke: a blinded randomized controlled trial

Arabzadeh, Soudeh; Kamali, Fahimeh; Bervis, Soha; Razeghi, Mohsen

doi:10.1186/s12883-023-03315-2

Table 3 Results of muscle activation during static test within time in each group and between groups

From: The hip joint mobilization with movement technique improves muscle activity, postural stability, functional and dynamic balance in hemiplegia secondary to chronic stroke: a blinded randomized controlled trial

Parameters			Experimental (n = 10)		Control (n = 10)
Parameters			Mean change score (SD)	p value ^a	Mean change score (SD)	p value ^a	p value between groups ^b
Pre-Post test	BF	A	0.39 ± 0.07 0.31 ± 0.10	0.002* 0.05*	0.13 ± 0.20 0.10 ± 0.11	> 0.99	< 0.001**
	BF	L	0.39 ± 0.07 0.31 ± 0.10	0.002* 0.05*	0.13 ± 0.20 0.10 ± 0.11	> 0.99	0.001**
	MG	A	0.21 ± 0.05 0.13 ± 0.08	0.01* 0.54	0.22 ± 0.15 0.47 ± 0.44	0.53	0.88
	MG	L	0.21 ± 0.05 0.13 ± 0.08	0.01* 0.54	0.22 ± 0.15 0.47 ± 0.44	0.96	0.29
	RF	A	-0.43 ± 0.09 0.29 ± 0.09	0.005* 0.03*	026 ± 0.09 -0.30 ± 0.15	0.11	0.007**
	RF	L	-0.43 ± 0.09 0.29 ± 0.09	0.005* 0.03*	026 ± 0.09 -0.30 ± 0.15	0.29	0.09
	TA	A	-0.52 ± 0.13 -01.66 ± 0.54	0.01* 0.04*	-0.74 ± 0.60 0.03 ± 0.23	0.78	0.19
	TA	L	-0.52 ± 0.13 -01.66 ± 0.54	0.01* 0.04*	-0.74 ± 0.60 0.03 ± 0.23	0.94	0.001**
	RA	A	-0.08 ± 0.05 1.99 ± 0.65	0.41 0.04*	0.27 ± 0.31 0.40 ± 0.24	0.98	0.36
	RA	L	-0.08 ± 0.05 1.99 ± 0.65	0.41 0.04*	0.27 ± 0.31 0.40 ± 0.24	0.45	0.76
	ES	A	-0.14 ± 0.03 0.19 ± 0.06	0.007* 0.07	0.010 ± 0.02 0.03 ± 0.05	> 0.99	0.17
	ES	L	-0.14 ± 0.03 0.19 ± 0.06	0.007* 0.07	0.010 ± 0.02 0.03 ± 0.05	> 0.99	0.98
Pre-Follow test	BF	A	0.36 ± 0.07 0.27 ± 0.08	0.004* 0.03*	0.15 ± 0.24 0.13 ± 0.15	0.88	0.02**
	BF	L	0.36 ± 0.07 0.27 ± 0.08	0.004* 0.03*	0.15 ± 0.24 0.13 ± 0.15	0.95	0.004**
	MG	A	0.23 ± 0.05 0.09 ± 0.09	0.01* 0.84	0.22 ± 0.16 0.49 ± 0.44	0.68	0.49
	MG	L	0.23 ± 0.05 0.09 ± 0.09	0.01* 0.84	0.22 ± 0.16 0.49 ± 0.44	0.90	0.36
	RF	A	-0.34 ± 0.08 0.31 ± 0.09	0.01* 0.03*	0.24 ± 0.09 -0.41 ± 0.24	0.10	0.08
	RF	L	-0.34 ± 0.08 0.31 ± 0.09	0.01* 0.03*	0.24 ± 0.09 -0.41 ± 0.24	0.42	0.15
	TA	A	-0.46 ± 0.13 -01.66 ± 0.55	0.02* 0.053	0.009 ± 0.10 0.04 ± 0.31	> 0.99	0.12
	TA	L	-0.46 ± 0.13 -01.66 ± 0.55	0.02* 0.053	0.009 ± 0.10 0.04 ± 0.31	> 0.99	0.03**
	RA	A	-0.10 ± 0.05 1.99 ± 0.65	0.32 0.04*	0.26 ± 0.31 0.40 ± 0.24	0.98	0.42
	RA	L	-0.10 ± 0.05 1.99 ± 0.65	0.32 0.04*	0.26 ± 0.31 0.40 ± 0.24	0.44	0.56
	ES	A	-0.22 ± 0.08 0.19 ± 0.07	0.08 0.07	0.012 ± 0.02 0.04 ± 0.05	> 0.99	0.003**
	ES	L	-0.22 ± 0.08 0.19 ± 0.07	0.08 0.07	0.012 ± 0.02 0.04 ± 0.05	> 0.99	0.63

Values are expressed as Mean (SD) of difference between two evaluation times. The minus sign next to the mean values means increase in muscle activation
Abbreviation: BF, biceps femoris; MG, medial gastrocnemius; RF, rectus femoris; TA, tibialis anterior; RA, rectus femoris; ES, erector spine; A, Affected side; L, Less affected side; SD, Standard deviation
*Significance p < 0.05, a: Repeated measure ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc (within group)
**Significance p < 0.05, b: Mann-Whitney U-test (between groups)

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