Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between PSD group and Non-PSD group

Demographic data

 Age, years

65 (59, 70)

66 (60, 71)

64 (59, 70)

0.169

 Female (%)

166 (46.4)

57 (62.0)

109 (41.0)

0.001

 Education, years

4 (1, 6)

3 (0, 6)

5 (2, 6)

0.020

 Married (%)

348 (97.2)

89 (96.7)

259 (97.4)

0.752

 BMI, kg/m²

24.77 (23.22, 26.87)

24.50 (23.08, 26.67)

24.87 (23.23, 26.92)

0.789

 Hospitalization days, days

12 (10, 14)

13 (10, 15)

12 (10, 14)

0.205

Vascular risk factors

 Hypertension (%)

280 (78.2)

71 (77.2)

209 (78.6)

0.780

 Diabetes (%)

104 (29.1)

24 (26.1)

80 (30.1)

0.468

 Coronary heart disease (%)

62 (17.3)

18 (19.6)

44 (16.5)

0.509

 Hyperlipidemian (%)

111 (31.0)

27 (29.3)

84 (31.6)

0.690

 Smoking (%)

106 (29.6)

25 (27.2)

81 (30.5)

0.553

 Drinking (%)

66 (18.4)

16 (17.4)

50 (18.8)

0.764

Stroke subtypes

0.592

 LAA (%)

271 (75.7)

73 (79.3)

198 (74.4)

 CE (%)

42 (11.7)

8 (8.7)

34 (12.8)

 SAO (%)

33 (9.2)

7 (7.6)

26 (9.8)

 ESUS (%)

12 (3.4)

4 (4.3)

8 (3.0)

Neuropsychological function

 NIHSS on admission, score

2.5 (1, 4)

3 (2, 5)

2 (1, 4)

0.008

 BI score at discharge, score

90 (80, 95)

85 (70, 90)

90 (80, 100)

0.010

 mRS score at discharge, score

1 (1, 2)

1 (1, 3)

1 (1, 2)

0.006

 HAMD score, score

3 (2, 8)

12 (9, 15)

2 (1, 4)

<0.001

Laboratory data

 Leucocyte, ×10⁹ /L

6.91 (5.67, 8.30)

6.90 (6.08, 8.41)

6.95 (5.53, 8.30)

0.233

 Neutrophil, ×10⁹ /L

4.72 (3.51, 5.76)

4.82 (4.06, 5.66)

4.64 (3.32, 5.78)

0.085

 Lymphocyte, ×10⁹ /L

1.58 (1.23, 2.03)

1.55 (1.23, 1.89)

1.59 (1.22, 2.14)

0.305

 Hs-CRP, mg/L

2.57 (1.05, 3.56)

2.68 (1.61, 3.95)

2.57 (0.90, 3.49)

0.192

 LCN2, ng/ml

121.91 (93.13, 155.20)

139.90 (118.80, 178.85)

113.95 (87.99, 143.63)

<0.001

 eGFR, ml/min/1.73m²

107.82 (87.00, 133.97)

98.17 (81.32, 119.45)

112.38 (89.03, 138.97)

0.001

Infarct volume, mm³

1849.88 (822.79, 4125.00)

2297.50 (993.10, 5289.86)

1794.60 (760.80, 3645.08)

0.029