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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of PD patients and controls

From: An investigation of neuromelanin distribution in substantia nigra and locus coeruleus in patients with Parkinson’s disease using neuromelanin-sensitive MRI

 

PD

Healthy Subjects

N = 10

P value*

Early Patients

N = 10

Progressing Patients

N = 11

Total

N = 21

Age(years)

Range(Median ± SD)

37 - 63(52.8 ±  8.18)

49 - 78(62 ±  11.09)

37 - 78(57.61 ±  10.67)

23 - 71(55 ±  15.59)

p1 = 0.11 p2 = 0.38 p3 = 0.88

Gender(male or female)

Males/Females

2/8

9/2

11/10

7/3

p1 = 0.017 p2 = 0.07 p3 = 0.59

Duration of disease

Range(Median ± SD)

1 - 7(4.6 ±  1.56)

5 - 12(7.55 ±  2.25)

1 - 12(6.17 ±  2.42)

-

p1 = 0.003 p2 < 0.05 p3 < 0.05

Hoehn-Yahr stage

Range(Median)

I-II(1.8)

III-IV(3.27)

I-IV(2.57)

-

p1 < 0.05 p2 < 0.05 p3 < 0.05

UPDRS Part III

Range(Median ± SD)

9 - 43(29 ±  12.28)

29 - 62(45.1 ±  10.89)

9 - 62(37.86 ±  14.21)

-

p1 = 0.05 p2 < 0.05 p3 < 0.05

Side at onset

Right/Left

5/5

7/4

12/9

-

p1 = 0.85 p2 < 0.05 p3 < 0.05

Motor fluctuation#

 end of dose deterioration

 on-off phenomenon

Appearance(Yes or No)

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

-

-

-

-

-

-

NMSS

Range(Median ± SD)

2 - 104(39.6 ±  29.90)

9 - 147(51.18 ±  36.48)

2 - 147(45.67 ±  33.21)

-

p1 = 0.29 p2 < 0.05 p3 < 0.05

MMSE

MoCA

Range(Median ± SD)

19 - 29(26 ±  3.21)

11 - 28(23.38 ±  5.32)

17 - 30(24 ±  4.61)

8 - 29(20.5 ± 7.65)

17 - 30(24.94 ±  4.02)

8 - 29(21.94 ±  6.54)

27 - 30(28.6 ±  1.37)

26 - 29(27.6 ±  1.35)

p1 = 0.44 p2 = 0.02 p3 = 0.007

p1 = 0.67 p2 = 0.01 p3 = 0.003

HAMD

HAMA

Range(Median ± SD)

3 - 18(9.13 ±  6.49)

3 - 23(11.63 ±  6.49)

3 - 20(9.44 ±  4.88)

4 - 25(11.22 ±  6.53)

3 - 20(9.29 ±  5.51)

3 - 25(11.41 ±  6.97)

1 - 7(4.8 ±  2.25)

1 - 12(7.6 ±  3.75)

p1 = 0.63 p2 = 0.28 p3 = 0.03

p1 = 0.92 p2 = 0.48 p3 = 0.27

  1. *:Mann–Whitney U-test or Chi-squared test
  2. p1: Early Patients versus Progressive Patients; p2: Early Patients versus Healthy Subjects; p3: Progressive Patients versus Healthy Subjects
  3. UPDRS Part III: Part III of Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; NMSS: non-motor symptom assessment scale for Parkinson’s disease; MMSE: Mini-mental State Examination;MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale
  4. #: Whether there was occurrence of motor fluctuation in previous medication use or not