Is coronary artery calcium an independent risk factor for white matter hyperintensity?

BMC Neurology

Table 4 Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression of WMH volume and coronary artery calcium score

CACS	β (model 1)	95% CI	β (model 2)	95% CI	β (model 3)	95% CI
Low (1– 99)*	0.91	0.83–0.99	0.46	0.32–0.61	0.50	0.33–0.67
Middle(100–399)*	0.94	0.90–0.97	0.82	0.69–0.95	0.84	0.70–0.98
High (≥ 400)*	2.96	2.69–3.23	1.06	0.27–1.85	0.95	0.53–1.36

Note: WMH, white matter hyperintensity; CACS, coronary artery calcium score. *Log transformed, units are per 1 natural log unit unless otherwise noted (original units: WMH, 1 mm³). Model 1: Simple linear regression; Model 2: age, sex, and TIV; Model 3: model 2 + Hypercholesterolemia, diabetes (history of diabetes, fasting glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dL, or use of hypoglycemic medications), smoker (current vs. non), body mass index (kg/m²). The P-values for the above models are all less than 0.001

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