Table 2 Summary of included studies
From: Stroke epidemiology and outcomes of stroke patients in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lead author (year) | Setting | Sample size | Age in years; % female | Comorbidities | Main focus areas |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acharya S. et al. 2016 [10] | Secondary care, Lumbini | 200 | 62.2 ± 12.7; 38.0% | 59.0% HTN; 39.0% DM; 61.0% Smoking; 8.0% Previous stroke | Clinico-radiological profile |
Acharya SP. et al. 2018 [29] | Tertiary care, KTM | 11 | Data NA | Data NA | Profile of neurological patients |
Acharya S. et al. 2014 [11] | Secondary care, Lumbini | 71 | Data NA | Data NA | Use of CT scan in stroke |
Adhikari J. et al. 2019 [30] | Tertiary care, Dharan | 278 | 65.0 ± 15.0; 38.8% | 57.2% HTN; 25.2% DM; 38.5% Smoking; 4.0% Alcohol; 14.4% Previous stroke | Complications and mortality |
Aryal M. et al. 2010 [31] | Tertiary care, KTM | 82 | 62.4; 30.5% | 50.0% HTN; 9.8% DM | Management |
Bhatt VR et al. 2008 [12] | Tertiary care, KTM | 61 | 61.0; 47.5% | 73.8% HTN; 34.4% DM; 57.4% Smoking; 47.5% Alcohol; 21.3% HLD; 4.9% AF; 6.6% Previous stroke; | Risk factors |
Cherian I. et al. 2018 [32] | Secondary care, Biratnagar | 102 | Age Data NA; 47.1% | 42.2% Smoking; 15.7% Alcohol | ICH and surgical options |
Chhetri PK. et al. 2012 [47] | Secondary care, Bharatpur | 100 | Age Data NA; 28.0% | 28.0% HTN; 3.0% DM; 38.0% Smoking; 13.0% Alcohol | CT scan in stroke |
Deo RK. et al. 2008 [63] | Tertiary care, Dharan | 25 | 61.8 ± 11.1; 40% | 84.0% HTN; 100% DM; 52.0% Smoking | DM and stroke |
Devkota KC. et al. 2006 [33] | Secondary care, KTM | 72 | 61.7 ± 14.9; 41.7% | 47.2% HTN; 11.1% DM; 58.3% Smoking; 40.3% Alcohol; 12.5% AF | Risk factors |
Dewan KR. et al. 2014 [48] | Secondary care, Bharatpur | 100 | 67.15 ± 12.6; 34% | 72.0% HTN; 19.0% DM; 66.0% Smoking; 43.0% Alcohol; 53.0% HLD; 25.0% AF | Mortality and risk factors |
Dhungana K et al. 2018 [49] | Tertiary care, KTM | 180 | Age Data NA; 48.9% | 50% HTN; 6.1% DM; 36.1% Smoking; 8.3% Previous stroke | Demographic characteristics |
Dhungana K et al. 2019 [13] | Tertiary care, KTM | 96 | 64.4 ± 14.0; 47.9% | 51% HTN; 17.7% DM; 50.0% Smoking; 21.9% Alcohol | Complications |
Gajurel BP et al. 2012 [34] | Tertiary care, KTM | 343 | Data NA | Data NA | Neurological disorders in admitted patients |
Gajurel BP et al. 2014 [50] | Tertiary care, KTM | 200 | 61.5 ± 16.3; 46% | 42.5% HTN; 14.5% DM; 58.5% Smoking; 12.5% AF | Demographics, risk factors, and outcomes |
Gautam B et al. 2018 [14] | Secondary care, Tansen | 71 | 66.0 ± 11.4; 40.8% | 45.1% Smoking; 31.0% Alcohol | Besson score to distinguish non-hemorrhagic and hemorrhagic stroke |
Ghimire RK et al. 2005 [64] | Tertiary care, KTM | 97 | 64.0; 29.9% | 60.8% HTN; 23.7% DM; 52.6% Smoking; 36.1% Alcohol | Carotid doppler in stroke |
Jha R et al. 2018 [15] | Secondary care, KTM | 34 | Data NA | Data NA | Association of microalbuminuria with stroke |
Jwarchan B et al. 2020 [35] | Secondary care, Pokhara | 56 | Age Data NA; 39.3% | 53.6% HTN; 48.2% DM | Prevalence |
Karn R et al. 2018 [51] | Tertiary care, KTM | 182 | 65.0 ± 13.7; 42.3% | 46.7% HTN; 16.5% DM; 18.7% AF; 15.4% Previous stroke | Outcomes based on TOAST classification |
Karn R et al. 2015 [16] | Tertiary care, KTM | 151 | Age Data NA; 43.7% | 11.9% DM | Fever in stroke |
Keyal NK et al. 2020 [17] | Tertiary care, Dharan | 76 | Data NA | Data NA | Outcome of Neuro ICU |
Khattar NK et al. 2019 [36] | Secondary care, Biratnagar | 21 | 56.0; 23.8% | 76.2% HTN; 57.1% DM; 76.2% Alcohol | Demographics |
Koirala SR et al. 2016 [52] | Secondary care, KTM | 181 | 64.2 ± 15.9; 53% | 68.5% HTN; 11.6% DM; 74.6% Smoking; 14.4% HLD; 10.5% AF; 1.7% Previous stroke | Prognostic factors |
Kumari S et al. 2018 [18] | Tertiary care, Dharan | 52 | 70.5 ± 6.4 | 55.8% HTN; 11.5% DM; 9.6% Previous stroke | CT scan in acute confusion |
Lamichane BS et al. 2020 [37] | Secondary care, Pokhara | 86 | 64.3 ± 12.7; 30.2% | 72.1% HTN; 17.4% DM; 48.8% Smoking; 25.6% HLD; 12.8% AF | Clinical profile |
Luitel R et al. 2020 [19] | Secondary care, KTM | 310 | 60.7 ± 16.3; 34.2% | 67.4% HTN; 29.7% DM; 44.8% Smoking; 3.2% Alcohol | Demographics |
Maskey A. et al. 2011 [20] | Secondary care, Pokhara | 160 | 66.0 ± 10.7; 35% | 61.3% HTN; 9.4% DM; 59.4% Smoking; 26.9% Alcohol; 33.8% HLD; 23.1% AF | Risk factors |
Naik M et al. 2006 [53] | Tertiary care, Dharan | 150 | 58.3 ± 16.0; 30.7% | 40.0% HTN; 6.7% DM; 40.7% Smoking; 30.7% Alcohol | Clinico-radiological profile |
Nepal G et al. 2019 [61] | Tertiary care, KTM | 228 | Age Data NA; 46.9% | 56.1% HTN; 17.5% DM; 28.9% Smoking; 27.2% Alcohol; 11.8% Previous stroke | Thrombolysis in management |
Nepal PR et al. 2020 [38] | Secondary care, Jhapa | 31 | 51.9 ± 12.3; 25.8% | Data NA | Outcomes of decompressive surgery |
Nepal R et al. 2020 [62] | Tertiary care, Dharan | 168 | 69.0 ± 1; 43.5% | 69% HTN; 32.7% DM; 33.9% Smoking; 14.9% Alcohol; 72.0% HLD; 71.4% AF | Prevalence, causes, and mortality |
Pahari SK et al. 2013 [54] | Secondary care, KTM | 28 | Age Data NA; 39.3% | 53.6% HTN; 28.6% DM; 39.3% Smoking; 71.4% HLD | Lipid profile and carotid doppler in ischemic stroke |
Poudel RS et al. 2015 [21] | Tertiary care, KTM | 37 | 63.4 ± 16.3; 27% | 59.5% HTN; 13.5% DM; 73% Smoking; 51.4% Alcohol; 10.8% AF; 16.2% Previous stroke | Treatment |
Rajouria AD et al. 2012 [55] | Secondary care, KTM | 75 | Age Data NA; 25.3% | Data NA | Usefulness of stroke scoring |
Roka YB. et al. 2011 [46] | Tertiary care, Dharan | 36 | Data NA | Data NA | Clinical profile |
Shah SK et al. 2016 [39] | Secondary care, Nepalgunj | 119 | 59.8 ± 11.2; 42.9% | 50.4% HTN; 9.2% DM; 58.8% Smoking; 63.0% Alcohol | Risk factors |
Shah B et al. 2017 [40] | Tertiary care, Dharan | 257 | 66.0 ± 14.0; 42.0% | 57.6% HTN; 25.3% DM; 39.7% Smoking; 3.9% Alcohol | In-hospital mortality |
Shah B et al. 2020 [56] | Tertiary care, Dharan | 107 | 63.0 ± 15.0; 44.9% | 55.1% HTN; 15.9% DM; 59.8% Smoking; 52.3% Alcohol; 22.4% Previous stroke | Mortality and outcomes |
Shakya D et al. 2019 [27] | Secondary care, Karnali | 155 | 61.6 ± 14.0; 42.6% | Data NA | Quality of life in stroke survivors |
Shrestha A et al. 2011 [41] | Secondary care, KTM | 210 | 58.5; 41.0% | 38.6% HTN; 10.0% DM; 60.5% Smoking; 41.4% Alcohol; 9.0% HLD | Risk factors |
Shrestha E et al. 2020 [28] | Secondary care, KTM | 155 | 63.0 ± 15.0; 45.2% | 30.3% HTN; 25.2% DM; 20.6% Alcohol | CT findings in stroke |
Shrestha GS et al. 2012 [22] | Tertiary care, KTM | 40 | 52.1 ± 15.7; 60% | 60.0% HTN; 22.5% DM; 50.0% Smoking | Visual neglect in stroke |
Shrestha S et al. 2015 [57] | Tertiary care, KTM | 56 | 67.0 ± 13.4; 37.5% | 62.5% HTN; 14.3% DM; 58.9% Smoking; 35.7% Alcohol; 7.1% HLD; 21.4% AF; 14.3% Previous stroke; | Clinical profile |
Shrestha A et al. 2018 [23] | Secondary care, Nepalgunj | 51 | 67.7 ± 10.2; 49.0% | 33.3% HTN | HTN in hemorrhagic stroke |
Shrestha R et al. 2018 [43] | Secondary care, KTM | 12 | Age Data NA; 16.7% | 41.7% HTN; 50.0% Smoking; 50.0% Alcohol | ICH clinical profile |
Shrestha R et al. 2020 [42] | Secondary care, KTM | 770 | Data NA | Data NA | Admission in the emergency department |
Thakur MK et al. 2017 [24] | Secondary care, Biratnagar | 100 | Age Data NA; 35.0% | 61.0% HTN; 24.0% DM; 59.0% Smoking; 31.0% Alcohol; 27.0% AF | ECG changes in stroke |
Thapa L et al. 2014 [25] | Secondary care, KTM | 60 | Age Data NA; 43.3% | 80.0% HTN; 20.0% DM; 56.7% Smoking; 35.0% Alcohol; 8.3% HLD; 6.7% AF; 10.0% Previous stroke; | Association of Vitamin D with stroke risk factors |
Thapa L et al. 2016 [44] | Secondary care, KTM | 9 | Age Data NA; 44.4% | 44.4% HTN; 11.1% Smoking; 22.2% Alcohol; 11.1% AF; 11.1% Previous stroke; | Thrombolysis in ischemic stroke |
Thapa A et al. 2018 [45] | Secondary care, KTM | 1017 | 55.0 ± 21.9; 39.5% | 44.4% HTN; 11.1% DM; 38.6% Smoking; 3.5% Alcohol; 8.9% HLD | Risk factors |
Thapa GB et al. 2013 [60] | Secondary care, KTM | 54 | 61.9 | 25.9% HTN; 3.7% DM; 9.3% Previous stroke | Carotid doppler in stroke |
Thapa L et al. 2013 [26] | Secondary care, KTM | 44 | 64.0 ± 15.3; 34.1% | Data NA | Mortality in ICU |
Tuladhar AS et al. 2012 [59] | Secondary care, KTM | 45 | 62.0 ± 11.0; 31.1% | Data NA | Carotid doppler in stroke |
Yadav AK et al. 2020 [58] | Secondary care, Biratnagar | 79 | Age Data NA; 32.9% | 62.0% HTN; 40.5% DM; 31.6% Smoking; 26.6% HLD | Carotid doppler in stroke |