Table 1 The baseline characteristics of the participants
Na (mmol/L) | Hypernatremia group (Na ≥ 146) | Normal serum Na group (Na ≥ 135, < 146) | Hyponatremia group (Na < 135) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 204 | 15,925 | 1715 | Â |
BMI (Mean ± SD) | 29.105 ± 6.701 | 28.813 ± 6.644 | 27.892 ± 6.371 | < 0.001 |
BUN (Median (Q1-Q3)) | 17.000 (14.000-22.500) | 16.000 (12.000–20.000) | 18.000 (14.000–25.000) | < 0.001 |
WBC (Median (Q1-Q3)) | 7.700 (5.700-10.310) | 8.400 (6.400–11.300) | 10.900 (7.800–14.300) | < 0.001 |
Cr (Median (Q1-Q3)) | 0.921 ± 0.383 | 0.859 ± 0.419 | 0.890 ± 0.677 | 0.004 |
HCT(Mean ± SD) | 37.969 ± 5.967 | 40.389 ± 4.718 | 39.653 ± 5.320 | < 0.001 |
PLT (Median (Q1-Q3)) | 217.500 (166.000-268.250) | 237.000 (195.000-284.000) | 244.000 (194.000-297.000) | < 0.001 |
Sex, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Male | 95 (46.569%) | 7464 (46.870%) | 933 (54.402%) | Â |
Female | 109 (53.431%) | 8461 (53.130%) | 782 (45.598%) | Â |
Age ranges (years), N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
18–40 | 26 (12.745%) | 2660 (16.703%) | 150 (8.746%) |  |
41–60 | 79 (38.725%) | 6719 (42.192%) | 614 (35.802%) |  |
61–80 | 90 (44.118%) | 6043 (37.947%) | 868 (50.612%) |  |
> 81 | 9 (4.412%) | 503 (3.159%) | 83 (4.840%) |  |
Race, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
White | 143 (70.098%) | 11,396 (71.560%) | 1162 (67.755%) | Â |
Asian | 10 (4.902%) | 467 (2.932%) | 46 (2.682%) | Â |
African American | 25 (12.255%) | 1089 (6.838%) | 107 (6.239%) | Â |
Unknown race | 26 (12.745%) | 2973 (18.669%) | 400 (23.324%) | Â |
Hypertension, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 109 (53.431%) | 10,009 (62.851%) | 815 (47.522%) | Â |
Yes | 95 (46.569%) | 5916 (37.149%) | 900 (52.478%) | Â |
Diabetes, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 171 (83.824%) | 14,165 (88.948%) | 1382 (80.583%) | Â |
Yes (Noninsulin) | 21 (10.294%) | 1129 (7.089%) | 193 (11.254%) | Â |
Yes (Insulin) | 12 (5.882%) | 631 (3.962%) | 140 (8.163%) | Â |
Smoking status, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 167 (81.863%) | 12,893 (80.961%) | 1316 (76.735%) | Â |
Yes | 37 (18.137%) | 3032 (19.039%) | 399 (23.265%) | Â |
Severe COPD, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 193 (94.608%) | 15,266 (95.862%) | 1569 (91.487%) | Â |
Yes | 11 (5.392%) | 659 (4.138%) | 146 (8.513%) | Â |
Congestive heart failure, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 201 (98.529%) | 15,885 (99.749%) | 1700 (99.125%) | Â |
Yes | 3 (1.471%) | 40 (0.251%) | 15 (0.875%) | Â |
Renal failure, N (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.086 |
No | 203 (99.510%) | 15,914 (99.931%) | 1713 (99.883%) | Â |
Yes | 1 (0.490%) | 11 (0.069%) | 2 (0.117%) | Â |
Dialysis, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 203 (99.510%) | 15,887 (99.761%) | 1697 (98.950%) | Â |
Yes | 1 (0.490%) | 38 (0.239%) | 18 (1.050%) | Â |
Steroid use for a chronic condition, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 175 (85.784%) | 13,676 (85.878%) | 1284 (74.869%) | Â |
Yes | 29 (14.216%) | 2249 (14.122%) | 431 (25.131%) | Â |
Disseminated cancer, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 174 (85.294%) | 12,641 (79.378%) | 1104 (64.373%) | Â |
Yes | 30 (14.706%) | 3284 (20.622%) | 611 (35.627%) | Â |
Preoperative systemic sepsis, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 187 (91.667%) | 15,375 (96.546%) | 1613 (94.052%) | Â |
SIRS | 16 (7.843%) | 541 (3.397%) | 101 (5.889%) | Â |
Septic Shock | 1 (0.490%) | 9 (0.057%) | 1 (0.058%) | Â |
30-day mortality events, N (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 193 (94.608%) | 15,570 (97.771%) | 1627 (94.869%) | Â |
Yes | 11 (5.392%) | 355 (2.229%) | 88 (5.131%) | Â |