Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies of the meta-analysis
Study | Year | Study design | Population (IS patients) | Comparison (Healthy controls) | Intervention (Measurements) | Matchinga | Quality scoreb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haak et al | 2021 | a sub-study of a randomized trial | 349 ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients | 51 healthy non-hospitalized age- and sex-matched controls | Plasma TMAO | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | ★★★★☆ |
Liu et al | 2017 | a cohort study | 80 atherosclerotic ischemic stroke patients | 40 healthy subjects | Serum TMAO | 1, 2 | ★★★★☆☆☆ |
Rexidamu et al | 2019 | a cohort study | 255 first-ever ischemic stroke patients | 255 age and gender-matched healthy volunteers | Serum TMAO | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 | ★★★★★★☆ |
Schneider et al | 2020 | a case–control study | 193 patients suffering from ischemic stroke (onset < 24 h) | 100 control patients with less than two cardiovascular risk factors | Plasma TMAO | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | ★★★★★☆☆ |
Sun et al | 2021 | a case–control study | 953 ischemic stroke cases | 953 control subjects | Plasma TMAO | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | ★★★★★★☆ |
Tan et al | 2020 | a cohort study | 204 acute ischemic stroke patients | 108 healthy controls | Plasma TMAO | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | ★★☆☆☆☆☆ |
Wu et al | 2020 | a cohort study | 377 acute ischemic stroke patients | 50 healthy controls | Plasma TMAO | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 | ★★★★☆☆☆ |
Zhang et al | 2021 | a cohort study | 351 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke | 150 age and gender-matched healthy volunteers | Plasma TMAO | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | ★★★★★★☆ |