Table 1 Summary of case reports of Guillain Barre syndrome associated with scrub typhus
From: Guillain–Barre syndrome following scrub typhus: a case report and literature review
Case Author (year) | Age (yrs)/Sex | Onseta (day-weeks) | Neuropathic symptoms | Findings | Nerve conduction study | Treatments | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Lee et al. [11] (2007) | 42/F | 2 weeks | quadriparesis, facial diplegia, areflexia | albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb | demyelinating neuropathyc | IVIg | improvement |
2 Lee et al. [12] (2009) | 54/m | 17 days | facial paralysis, quadriparesis, hyporeflexia. | CSF normal | prolonged F-responses, slowed NCV | doxycycline, prednisolone, IVIg | improvement |
3 Lee et al. [12] (2009) | 74/F | 10 days | quadriparesis, hyporeflexia. | CSF normal. | prolonged distal latencies, slowed NCV and reduced amplitude of CMAP | antibiotics, prednisolone, IVIg | improvement |
4 Ju et al. [13] (2011) | 46/F | 7 days | quadriparesis, disturbance of consciousness, respiratory failure, hyporeflexia | albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb | acute sensoriomotor polyneuropathyc | antibiotics, mechanical ventilation, rehabilitation therapy | improvement |
5 Ju et al. [13] (2011) | 60/m | 8 days | quadriparesis, disturbance of consciousness, dysphagia, sensory disturbance, respiratory failure, hyporeflexia | GM1 IgM and GD1b IgM antibodies positive, albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb | diffuse demyelinated neuropathyc | IVIg, doxycycline, mechanical ventilation | improvement |
6 Sawale et al. [14] (2014) | 41/m | 15 days | quadriparesis, facial paresis, hypotonia, the anterior abdominal muscles and paraspinal muscles weakness; deep tendon areflexia | albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb | absent F-waves, prolonged latency, slowed NCV and reduced amplitude of CMAP | plasmapheresis | improvement |
7 Kim et al. [15] (2014) | 70/m | 2 weeks | ophthalmoplegia with bilateral ptosis, facial diplegia, gait ataxia, areflexia | albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb | reduced SNAP and absent H-reflexes | IVIg | improvement |
8 Sakai et al. [19] (2016) | 66/m | 7 days | quadriparesis, dysphagia, sensory disturbance, hyporeflexia | albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb, IgM-GD1a、IgM-GT1b、IgM-GalNAc-GD1a Positive | prolonged distal latencies, sensory potential not drawn out | IVIg | improvement |
9 Sakai et al. [19] (2016) | 58/F | 15 days | quadriparesis, facial diplegia, sensory disturbance, hyporeflexia, respiratory failure | albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb | prolonged distal latencies, reduced amplitude of CMAP, sensory potential not drawn out | IVIg, mechanical ventilation | improvement |
10 Gangula et al. [16] (2017) | 40/m | 10 days | hypotonia, areflexia quadriparesis | plasmodium falciparum coinfection; albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb | reduced amplitude of SNAP、 CMAP, absent F-waves, prolonged distal latency, slowed NCV | antimalarials, antibiotics, physiotherapy | improvement |
11 Dev et al. [17] (2019 | 20/m | 8 days | quadriparesis, hypotonia, deep tendon areflexia | leptospirosis coinfection, albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb | acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculo-neuropathyc | antibiotics, supportive measures | improvement |
12 Juneja et al. [18] (2020) | 42/m | 7 days | quadriparesis, hypotonia, trunk and neck muscles weakness, deep tendon areflexia | albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb | prolonged distal latencies, reduced NCV, and absent F responses | IVIg | improvement |
13 Pandey et al. [20] (2021) | 56/m | 1 week | quadriparesis, facial diplegia, abducens nerve palsy, areflexia | albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb | demyelinating patterns of motor neuropathiesc | doxycycline, IVIg, supportive measures | improvement |
14 Raghunathan et al. [24](2022) | 7/m | 1 week | quadriparesis, areflexia, truncal weakness disturbance of consciousness, neck stiffness | albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb | absent H-reflexes, absent F responses | IVIg, azithromycin | improvement |
15 Modi et al. [25] (2023) | 20/m | 10 days | fever, disturbance of consciousness, quadriparesis, deep tendon areflexia, respiratory failure | albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb. | reduced amplitude of CMAP | doxycycline, IVIg, mechanical ventilation, rehabilitation therapy | improvement |
16 The present case | 51/m | 15 days | facial diplegia, unclear articulation, dysphagia, hyporeflexia | albuminocytological dissociation in CSFb. anti-sulfatide antibodies positive. | slowed NCV, prolonged CMAP, reduced amplitude of SNAP, prolonged F- waves | IVIg | improvement |