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  1. Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare complication of the angiography process. CIE may mimic stroke symptoms clinically and subarachnoid hemorrhage radiologically. Previous CIE cases occurred after t...

    Authors: Jiaying Li, Guanshu Qi, Huani Zhang, Gang Chen, Shuting Wang, Minli Yan and Zhichao Sun
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:430
  2. Exploration of the healthcare journey post-stroke is incomplete without acknowledging the crucial role of family caregivers. With limited literature documenting the role of caregivers in the healthcare journey...

    Authors: Shilpa Tyagi, Nan Luo, Chuen Seng Tan, Kelvin Bryan Tan, Boon Yeow Tan, Edward Menon, N. Venketasubramanian, Wei Chin Loh, Shu Hui Fan, Kenneth Lam Thuan Yang, Audrey Swee Ling Chan, Aysha Farwin, Zunairah Binti Lukman and Gerald Choon-Huat Koh
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:429
  3. To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with muscle-specific kinase antibody-associated myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG) and to evaluate the therapeutic responses to different treatment regimes.

    Authors: Sijia Zhao, Kai Zhang, Kaixi Ren, Jiarui Lu, Chao Ma, Cong Zhao, Zhuyi Li and Jun Guo
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:428
  4. Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are increasingly recognized and include encephalopathy, although direct infection of the brain by SARS-CoV-2 remains controversial. We herein ...

    Authors: Takuya Kudo, Yuichi Hayashi, Kenjiro Kunieda, Nobuaki Yoshikura, Akio Kimura, Mika Otsuki and Takayoshi Shimohata
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:426
  5. A synthesis of real-world discontinuation and switching patterns among triptan users and rates of acute medication use among patients with medication overuse headache (MOH) is needed to better understand the b...

    Authors: Alison M. Deighton, Linda A. Harris, Karissa Johnston, Shomari Hogan, Lynn A. Quaranta, Gilbert L’Italien and Vlad Coric
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:425
  6. The Cognitive Reserve (CR) theory posits that brains with higher reserve can cope with more cerebral damage to minimize clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of education (CR...

    Authors: Wanqiu Zhu, Xiaoshu Li, Xiaohu Li, Haibao Wang, Meiqin Li, Ziwen Gao, Xingqi Wu, Yanghua Tian, Shanshan Zhou, Kai Wang and Yongqiang Yu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:423
  7. Falls are a common complication of Parkinson’s disease. There is a need for new therapeutic options to target this debilitating aspect of the disease. Cholinergic deficit has been shown to contribute to both g...

    Authors: S. Neumann, J. Taylor, A. Bamford, C. Metcalfe, D. M. Gaunt, A. Whone, D. Steeds, S. R. Emmett, W. Hollingworth, Y. Ben-Shlomo and E. J. Henderson
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:422
  8. Patients with acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) presenting with minor stroke are at risk of early neurological deterioration (END). The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency and potential predictors o...

    Authors: Lanying He, Jian Wang, Feng Wang, Lili Zhang, Lijuan Zhang, Wang Zhao, Xiechuan Weng and Fan Xu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:421
  9. Amantadine hydrochloride is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs for patients with severe traumatic brain injury in restoring consciousness and accelerating the pace of functional recovery. However, the...

    Authors: Jie Li, Ping Zhang, Yingying Liu, Simiao Wu, Xingyang Yi, Shihong Zhang, Chun Wang and Ming Liu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:419
  10. Neurological disability progression occurs across the spectrum of people living with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although there are a handful of disease-modifying treatments approved for use in progressive phenot...

    Authors: Jiwon Oh, Nathalie Arbour, Fabrizio Giuliani, Melanie Guenette, Shannon Kolind, Larry Lynd, Ruth Ann Marrie, Luanne M. Metz, Scott B. Patten, Alexandre Prat, Alice Schabas, Penelope Smyth, Roger Tam, Anthony Traboulsee and V. Wee Yong
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:418
  11. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage represents a challenge even for experienced pituitary surgeons. We aimed to quantitatively synthesize data from studies regarding the risk factors for postoperat...

    Authors: Zhihuan Zhou, Feifei Zuo, Xiaoqun Chen, Qinqin Zhao, Mengna Luo, Xiaobing Jiang and Yuyu Duan
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:417
  12. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the effects of phantom exercises on phantom limb pain, mobility status, and quality of life in lower limb amputees treated with mirror therapy and routine phys...

    Authors: Anna Zaheer, Arshad Nawaz Malik, Tahir Masood and Sahar Fatima
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:416
  13. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Megumi Toko, Tomohiko Ohshita, Takashi Kurashige, Hiroyuki Morino, Kodai Kume, Hiroshi Yamashita, Gen Sobue, Yasushi Iwasaki, Jun Sone, Hideshi Kawakami and Hirofumi Maruyama
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:413

    The original article was published in BMC Neurology 2021 21:396

  14. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by antibodies against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor that is increasingly recognized as a treatable cause of childhood epile...

    Authors: Ryan M. Nillo, Iris J. Broce, Besim Uzgil, Nilika S. Singhal, Christine M. Glastonbury, Christopher P. Hess, James A. Barkovich, Rahul S. Desikan and Leo P. Sugrue
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:412
  15. Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) is a subtype of fat embolism syndrome which tends to cause ischemic cerebral infarction. Fat embolism in the cerebral venous system have not been reported. We hereby present a rare ...

    Authors: Wei Dong, Ding-yuan Wan, Xiang Yang, Min Fu, Xing Liu, Hao Li and Xiao-qi Xie
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:411
  16. When use of a single antiseizure medication (ASM) fails to induce seizure remission, add-on therapy is justified. Perampanel (PER) is approved in Europe as adjunctive therapy for focal, focal to bilateral toni...

    Authors: Paolo Bonanni, Antonio Gambardella, Paolo Tinuper, Benedetto Acone, Emilio Perucca and Giangennaro Coppola
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:410

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Neurology 2022 22:184

  17. Insulin resistance was reported to increase the risk of ischemic stroke, which can be assessed by the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index. However, it remains unclear whether the TyG index influences the platelet...

    Authors: Yinping Guo, Jing Zhao, Yi Zhang, Lingshan Wu, Zhiyuan Yu, Dan He, Hao Huang, Wensheng Qu and Xiang Luo
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:409
  18. Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) are broad-spectrum disorders that can affect any part of the nervous system varying in core symptoms. Onconeural antibodies, including Hu, Yo, Ri, anti-CV2, amphiph...

    Authors: Jia Song, Ying Zhang, Yue Lang, Yi-Heng Wang, Jie Shao and Li Cui
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:408
  19. A recent study showed that 60–s paranasal air suction results in an immediate pain relief in acute migraine. This is the study to assess the Nitric Oxide (NO) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentration in nasal-pa...

    Authors: S. M. R. Bandara, S. Samita, A. M. Kiridana and H. M. M. T. B. Herath
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:407
  20. Compared with typical bulbar onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), isolated bulbar palsy (IBP), an often under-understood variant of ALS, is characterized by symptoms confined to bulbar region for extende...

    Authors: Huagang Zhang, Lu Chen, Jinzhou Tian and Dongsheng Fan
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:405
  21. Lower prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is related to the poor prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about PNI and its relationship with the prognosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombo...

    Authors: Jiawei Zhao, Kai Liu, Shen Li, Yuan Gao, Lu Zhao, Hongbing Liu, Hui Fang, Jun Wu, Shilei Sun, Yusheng Li, Bo Song and Yuming Xu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:404
  22. The importance of evaluating the pulpal threshold to electrical stimulation, as a side effect of probable neuropathy in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients is a novel issue. This study aimed to investigate electr...

    Authors: Fatemeh Owlia, Nazanin Mahmoudzade, Jalil Modaresi and Marzieh Abutorabi Zarchi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:403
  23. Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a group of inherited peripheral neuropathies, which are subdivided into demyelinating and axonal forms. Biallelic mutations in POLR3B are the well-established cause of hypomye...

    Authors: Yan-Yan Xue, Hao-Ling Cheng, Hai-Lin Dong, Hou-Min Yin, Yun Yuan, Ling-Chao Meng, Zhi-Ying Wu and Hao Yu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:402
  24. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a burdensome, chronic and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. We aimed to report the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) of MS ...

    Authors: Nima Fattahi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Farnam Mohebi, Negar Rezaei, Masoud Masinaei, Sahar Mohammadi Fateh, Elham Soleymani Hassanlouei, Farhad Manoochehri, Eghbal Fattahi, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Maziar Moradi-lakeh, Ali H. Mokdad, Mohsen Naghavi and Farshad Farzadfar
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:400
  25. Hypereosinophilia (HE) is caused by various conditions, including solid and hematologic tumors. Nonetheless, there exist no reports on cerebral infarctions caused by HE associated with lung cancer metastasis t...

    Authors: Maki Ozaki, Tomoo Mano, Nobuyuki Eura, Kazuhide Horimoto, Masato Takano, Chiho Ohbayashi and Kazuma Sugie
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:397
  26. Both fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and late-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) show CGG/GGC trinucleotide repeat expansions. Differentiating these diseases are difficult...

    Authors: Megumi Toko, Tomohiko Ohshita, Takashi Kurashige, Hiroyuki Morino, Kodai Kume, Hiroshi Yamashita, Gen Sobue, Yasushi Iwasaki, Jun Sone, Hideshi Kawakami and Hirofumi Maruyama
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:396

    The Publisher Correction to this article has been published in BMC Neurology 2021 21:413

  27. Transverse myelitis (TM) is a relatively uncommon condition, and vaccine-associated myelitis is even rarer. Concern regarding neurological complications following vaccination escalated following the report of ...

    Authors: Wee Yong Tan, Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan, Mohd Naim Mohd Yaakob, Anna Misyail Abdul Rashid, Wei Chao Loh, Janudin Baharin, Azliza Ibrahim, Mohd Redzuan Ismail, Liyana Najwa Inche Mat, Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman, Hamidon Basri and Fan Kee Hoo
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:395
  28. Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is the most common functional vestibular disorder. A multisensory mismatch altered by psychological influences is considered to be an important pathophysiologica...

    Authors: Sebastian Wurthmann, Dagny Holle, Mark Obermann, Miriam Roesner, Michael Nsaka, Armin Scheffler, Christoph Kleinschnitz and Steffen Naegel
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:394
  29. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with defective DNA nucleotide excision repair and associated with a high frequency of skin cancer. Approximately 25% of patients develo...

    Authors: Tanya J. Lehky, Paul Sackstein, Deborah Tamura, Martha Quezado, Tianxia Wu, Sikandar G. Khan, Nicholas J. Patronas, Edythe Wiggs, Carmen C. Brewer, John J. DiGiovanna and Kenneth H. Kraemer
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:393
  30. Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is an infrequent and fatal infectious disease worldwide. Antemortem diagnosis in this condition is very difficult because clinical manifestations and neuroimaging are n...

    Authors: Shota Hirakata, Yusuke Sakiyama, Akiko Yoshimura, Mei Ikeda, Katsunori Takahata, Yuichi Tashiro, Michiyoshi Yoshimura, Hitoshi Arata, Hajime Yonezawa, Mari Kirishima, Michiyo Higashi, Miho Hatanaka, Takuro Kanekura, Kenji Yagita, Eiji Matsuura and Hiroshi Takashima
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:392
  31. With the increasing production and use of ethylene oxide (EO) worldwide, its explicit bio-toxicity has drawn more and more attention. At present, most studies focus on chronic EO exposure. Studies on acute EO ...

    Authors: Bin Lin, Chao Wang, Nan Lu, Le Zhang and Biao Jiang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:391
  32. Persons with MS (PwMS) are frequently affected by fatigue and depression. Mindfulness-based interventions may reduce these symptoms in PwMS and consequently their application has been extended to various setti...

    Authors: Torsten Sauder, Sascha Hansen, Carina Bauswein, Roy Müller, Sonja Jaruszowic, Jana Keune, Thomas Schenk, Patrick Oschmann and Philipp M. Keune
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:390
  33. To investigate the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognosis after the first attack of optic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

    Authors: Haojie Xie, Yi Zhao, Chunyang Pan, Jinwei Zhang, Yongyan Zhou, Yanfei Li, Ranran Duan, Yaobing Yao, Zhe Gong, Junfang Teng and Yanjie Jia
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:389
  34. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease involving the neuromuscular junction. Myasthenic crisis (MC), which is characterized by respiratory failure and the requirement of mechanical ventilation in pati...

    Authors: Che-Wei Hsu, Nai-Ching Chen, Wei-Chin Huang, Hui-Chen Lin, Wan-Chen Tsai, Chih-Cheng Huang, Ben-Chung Cheng and Nai-Wen Tsai
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:388
  35. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a role in neuronal survival and development, and has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. We sought to examine the associations of the CSF HGF with Alzheimer’s di...

    Authors: Li-Jing Zhao, Zuo-Teng Wang, Ya-Hui Ma, Wei Zhang, Qiang Dong, Jin-Tai Yu and Lan Tan
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:387
  36. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is clinical-neuroradiologically defined and potentially reversible, so there are limited data about histopathological findings. We aimed to describe the clin...

    Authors: Fatme Seval Ismail, Johannes van de Nes and Ilka Kleffner
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:386
  37. Large artery atherosclerotic disease is an important cause of stroke, accounting for 15–46% of ischaemic strokes in population-based studies. Therefore, current guidelines from west recommend urgent carotid im...

    Authors: K. C. D. Mettananda, M. D. P. Eshani, L. M. Wettasinghe, S. Somaratne, Y. P. Nanayakkkara, W. Sathkorala, A. Upasena, C. Sirigampola, P. M. Y. Tilakaratna, A. Pathmeswaran and U. K. Ranawaka
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:385
  38. The underlying pathogenesis of cerebral palsy (CP) remains poorly understood. The possibility of an early inflammatory response after acute insult is of increasing interest. Patterns of inflammatory and relate...

    Authors: Cory J. Goracke-Postle, Chantel C. Burkitt, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Michael Ehrhardt, George L. Wilcox, Patrick Graupman, Michael Partington and Frank J. Symons
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:384
  39. Fasting C-peptide (FCP) has been shown to play an important role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders including depression and schizophrenia, but it is unknown whether it also predicts post-stroke depressi...

    Authors: Yanyan Wang, Wenzhe Sun, Jinfeng Miao, Xiuli Qiu, Yan Lan, Chensheng Pan, Guo Li, Xin Zhao, Zhou Zhu and Suiqiang Zhu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:383

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