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  1. Fatigue in combination with gait and balance impairments can severely limit daily activities in people with multiple sclerosis (PWMS). Generalised fatigue has a major impact on walking ability, with moderately...

    Authors: James McLoughlin, Christopher Barr, Daina Sturnieks, Stephen Lord and Maria Crotty
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:27
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  2. Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a vascular condition characterized by anomalies of the primary veins outside the skull that has been reported to be associated with MS. In the blinded Comb...

    Authors: Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Murali Ramanathan, Karen Marr, David Hojnacki, Ralph HB Benedict, Charity Morgan, Eluen Ann Yeh, Ellen Carl, Cheryl Kennedy, Justine Reuther, Christina Brooks, Kristin Hunt, Makki Elfadil, Michelle Andrews and Robert Zivadinov
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The olfactory bulb (OB) receives extensive cholinergic input from the basal forebrain and is affected very early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We speculated that an olfactory ‘stress test’ (OST), targeting the ...

    Authors: Peter W Schofield, Houman Ebrahimi, Alison L Jones, Grant A Bateman and Sonya R Murray
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Previous studies have reported white matter (WM) brain alterations in asymptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

    Authors: Bianca Stubbe-Drger, Michael Deppe, Siawoosh Mohammadi, Simon S Keller, Harald Kugel, Nora Gregor, Stefan Evers, Peter Young, E-Bernd Ringelstein, Gabriele Arendt, Stefan Knecht and Ingo W Husstedt
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles/hereditary inclusion body myopathy is clinically characterized by the early involvement of distal leg muscles. The striking pathological features of the myopathy are muscle...

    Authors: Akihiko Hoshi, Teiji Yamamoto, Saeko Kikuchi, Tomoko Soeda, Keiko Shimizu and Yoshikazu Ugawa
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:22
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  7. Loss of arm-hand performance due to a hemiparesis as a result of stroke or cerebral palsy (CP), leads to large problems in daily life of these patients. Assessment of arm-hand performance is important in both ...

    Authors: Ryanne JM Lemmens, Annick AA Timmermans, Yvonne JM Janssen-Potten, Rob JEM Smeets and Henk AM Seelen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The α2-adrenoreceptor agonist dexmedetomidine is known to provide neuroprotection under ischemic conditions. In this study we investigated whether dexmedetomidine has a protective effect in an in vitro model for ...

    Authors: Marc Schoeler, Philip D Loetscher, Rolf Rossaint, Astrid V Fahlenkamp, Georg Eberhardt, Steffen Rex, Joachim Weis and Mark Coburn
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. People with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) frequently experience balance and mobility impairments, including reduced trunk stability. Pilates-based core stability training, which is aimed at improving control of the ...

    Authors: Jennifer Freeman, Esther Fox, Margaret Gear and Alan Hough
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:19
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  10. Annually, some 9000 people in Switzerland suffer a first time stroke. Of these 60% are left with moderate to severe walking disability. Evidence shows that rehabilitation techniques which emphasise activity of...

    Authors: Clare Maguire, Judith M Sieben, Florian Erzer, Beat Goepfert, Matthias Frank, Georg Ferber, Melissa Jehn, Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss and Robert A de Bie
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:18
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  12. The aim of this paper is to examine factors associated with discharge destination after acquired brain injury in a publicly insured population using the Anderson Behavioral Model as a framework.

    Authors: Amy Y Chen, Brandon Zagorski, Daria Parsons, Rika Vander Laan, Vincy Chan and Angela Colantonio
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common form of focal epilepsy. Serum biomarkers to predict cognitive performance in TLE patients without psychiatric comorbidities and the link with gray matter (GM) atrophy h...

    Authors: Chiung-Chih Chang, Chun-Chung Lui, Chen-Chang Lee, Shang-Der Chen, Wen-Neng Chang, Cheng-Hsien Lu, Nai-Ching Chen, Alice Y W Chang, Samuel H H Chan and Yao-Chung Chuang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Computer tomography (CT) is still the fastest and most robust technique to rule out ICH in acute stroke. However CT-sensitivity for detection of ischemic stroke in the hyperacute phase is still relatively low....

    Authors: Carolin Knauer, Katharina Knauer, Susanne Müller, Albert C Ludolph, Dietmar Bengel, Hans P Müller and Roman Huber
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. A substantial fraction of Parkinson's disease patients deteriorate during hospitalisation, but the precise proportion and the reasons why have not been studied systematically and the focus has been on surgical...

    Authors: Oliver HH Gerlach, Martijn PG Broen, Peter HMF van Domburg, Ad J Vermeij and Wim EJ Weber
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN+), detected by transcranial sonography (TCS), was reported as a characteristic finding in Parkinson's disease (PD), with high diagnostic accuracy values, when comp...

    Authors: Kristina Laučkaitė, Daiva Rastenytė, Danguolė Šurkienė, Antanas Vaitkus, Andrius Sakalauskas, Arūnas Lukoševičius and Rymantė Gleiznienė
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Traditionally, multiple sclerosis has been viewed as a disease predominantly affecting white matter. However, this view has lately been subject to numerous changes, as new evidence of anatomical and histologic...

    Authors: Dana Horakova, Tomas Kalincik, Jana Blahova Dusankova and Ondrej Dolezal
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:10
    Content type: Review Published on:

  20. Clinical characteristics and patterns of healthcare utilization in patients with painful neuropathic disorders (PNDs) who are under the care of general practitioners (GPs) in the UK are not well understood.

    Authors: Ariel Berger, Alesia Sadosky, Ellen Dukes, John Edelsberg and Gerry Oster
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Achieving good adherence to self-injected treatments for multiple sclerosis can be difficult. Injection devices may help to overcome some of the injection-related barriers to adherence that can be experienced ...

    Authors: Alessandra Lugaresi, Ciro Florio, Vincenzo Brescia-Morra, Salvatore Cottone, Paolo Bellantonio, Marinella Clerico, Diego Centonze, Antonio Uccelli, Maria di Ioia, Giovanna De Luca, Andrea Marcellusi and Andrea Paolillo
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Researchers have recently advocated for the 2-minute walk (2MW) as an alternative for the 6-minute walk (6MW) to assess long distance ambulation in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). This recommendation has...

    Authors: Robert W Motl, Yoojin Suh, Swathi Balantrapu, Brian M Sandroff, Jacob J Sosnoff, John Pula, Myla D Goldman and Bo Fernhall
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The basal ganglia (BG) are thought to play an important role in the control of eye movements. Accordingly, the broad variety of subtle oculomotor alterations that has been described in Parkinson's disease (PD)...

    Authors: Elmar H Pinkhardt, Reinhart Jürgens, Dorothée Lulé, Johanna Heimrath, Albert C Ludolph, Wolfgang Becker and Jan Kassubek
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. This paper describes the rationale and design of the ENVIS-ion Study, which aims to determine whether low-dose aspirin reduces the development of white matter hyper-intense (WMH) lesions and silent brain infar...

    Authors: Christopher M Reid, Elsdon Storey, Tien Y Wong, Robyn Woods, Andrew Tonkin, Jie Jin Wang, Anthony Kam, Andrew Janke, Rowan Essex, Walter P Abhayaratna and Marc M Budge
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:3
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  26. Previous cost-effectiveness studies of cholinesterase inhibitors have modeled Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression and treatment effects through single or global severity measures, or progression to "Full Time...

    Authors: Susanne Hartz, Denis Getsios, Sunning Tao, Steve Blume and Grant Maclaine
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Supine recumbence has been widely performed to prevent post-lumbar puncture headache (PLPH). However, the optimal duration of supine recumbence is controversial. The aim of the study is to compare the occurren...

    Authors: Sung R Kim, Hyun S Chae, Mi J Yoon, Jung H Han, Kwang J Cho and Sun J Chung
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2012 12:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA-P) are clinically difficult to differentiate from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in the early st...

    Authors: Masahiko Suzuki, Masaya Hashimoto, Masayuki Yoshioka, Maiko Murakami, Keiichi Kawasaki and Mitsuyoshi Urashima
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is the rate-limiting enzyme for producing γ-aminobutyric acid, and it has been suggested that antibodies against GAD play a role in neurological conditions and type 1 diabetes...

    Authors: Masahito Takagi, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Keiko Endo, Tetsuya Yamada, Keizo Kaneko, Yoshitomo Oka and Etsuro Mori
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:156
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. There are a lack of biomarkers which can be used to predict clinical outcomes for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving interferon beta (IFN-β). Thus the objective of this study was to characterize change...

    Authors: Jennifer M Kress-Bennett, Garth D Ehrlich, Ashley Bruno, J Christopher Post, Fen Z Hu and Thomas F Scott
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The intracranial localization of large artery disease is recognized as the main cause of ischemic stroke in the world, considering all countries, although its global burden is widely underestimated. Indeed it ...

    Authors: Giovanni Malferrari, Marialuisa Zedde, Gianni De Berti, Massimo Maggi and Norina Marcello
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:154
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  34. A detailed behavioral profile associated with focal congenital malformation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) has not been reported previously. Here we describe a 14 year-old boy, B.W., with neurol...

    Authors: Aaron D Boes, Amanda Hornaday Grafft, Charuta Joshi, Nathaniel A Chuang, Peg Nopoulos and Steven W Anderson
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:151
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  35. Children diagnosed with spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP) often show perceptual and cognitive problems, which may contribute to their functional deficit. Here we investigated if altered ability to determine whether ...

    Authors: Anina Ritterband-Rosenbaum, Mark S Christensen, Mette Kliim-Due, Line Z Petersen, Betina Rasmussen and Jens B Nielsen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis is an increasingly common autoimmune disorder mediated by antibodies to certain subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Recent literatures have described a...

    Authors: Chun-Ling Xu, Lei Liu, Wei-Qin Zhao, Ji-Mei Li, Rui-Jin Wang, Shu-Hui Wang, De-Xin Wang, Mei-Yun Liu, Shan-Shan Qiao and Jia-Wei Wang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:149
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  37. There is conflicting information as to whether antiretroviral drugs with better central nervous system (CNS) penetration (neuroHAART) assist in improving neurocognitive function and suppressing cerebrospinal f...

    Authors: Lucette A Cysique, Edward K Waters and Bruce J Brew
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Few data are available on the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) in Spain, and the existing information shows important variations depending on the geographical setting and the methodology employed. The a...

    Authors: Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez, Sara Mora-Simón, María C Patino-Alonso, Ricardo García-García, Alfonso Escribano-Hernández, Luis García-Ortiz, Ma Victoria Perea- Bartolomé and Manuel A Gómez-Marcos
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. There is a growing interest in the role of the endothelium in migraine. Recently, our group showed differences in endothelial function between the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation in healthy subject...

    Authors: Denis Perko, Janja Pretnar-Oblak, Mišo Šabovič, Marjan Zaletel and Bojana Žvan
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Mitochondrial dysfunction due to respiratory chain impairment is a key feature in pathogenesis of Friedreich ataxia. Friedreich ataxia affects the nervous system, heart and pancreas.

    Authors: Sven H Stüwe, Oliver Goetze, Larissa Arning, Matthias Banasch, Wolfgang E Schmidt, Ludger Schöls and Carsten Saft
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Interferon beta (IFNβ) and glatiramer acetate (GA) are administered by subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular (IM) injection. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) often report injection-site reactions (ISRs) as a...

    Authors: Karsten Beer, Martin Müller, Anna Marie Hew-Winzeler, Adriano Bont, Philippe Maire, Xiaojun You, Pamela Foulds, Jessica Mårlind and Daniela Curtius
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Little is known about the clinical features and true survival risk factors in Chinese Han population. We conducted the current study to investigate the clinical features, long-term outcome and true potential i...

    Authors: Xiao Ming Shu, Xin Lu, Yao Xie and Guo Chun Wang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:143
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Infarcts of the corpus callosum are rare and have not been well documented previously. As for a variety of signs and symptoms presented, alien hand syndrome (AHS) can be easily overlooked.

    Authors: Jun Liang Yuan, Shuang Kun Wang, Xiao Juan Guo and Wen Li Hu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:142
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  44. "Negative affect" is one of the major migraine triggers. The aim of the study was to assess attentional biases for negative affective stimuli that might be related to migraine triggers in migraine patients wit...

    Authors: Anne-Katrin Puschmann and Claudia Sommer
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:141
    Content type: Case control study Published on:

  45. A registry of patients with cervical dystonia (Cervical Dystonia Patient Registry for Observation of onaBotulinumtoxinA Efficacy [CD PROBE]) was initiated to capture data regarding physician practices and patient...

    Authors: Joseph Jankovic, Charles H Adler, P David Charles, Cynthia Comella, Mark Stacy, Marc Schwartz, Susan M Sutch, Mitchell F Brin and Spyridon Papapetropoulos
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:140
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  46. Xenobiotics are neurotoxins that dramatically alter the health of the child. In addition, an inefficient detoxification system leads to oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, and immune dysfunction. The consensus am...

    Authors: Yusra A Al-Yafee, Laila Y Al- Ayadhi, Samina H Haq and Afaf K El-Ansary
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. This study aimed to investigate the long-term mortality and recurrence rate of stroke in first-time stroke patients with symptomatic isolated middle cerebral artery disease (MCAD) under medical management.

    Authors: Mi Sun Oh, Kyung-Ho Yu, Min-Kyung Chu, Hyeo-Il Ma, Yun Joong Kim, Joo Yong Kim and Byung-Chul Lee
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Pure akinesia (PA) is a distinct form of parkinsonism characterized by freezing phenomena. Little is known about brain tumor-associated PA. We highlight the clinicoradiological changes in a patient with PA and...

    Authors: Susumu Ishihara, Osamu Kano, Ken Ikeda, Reiko Shimokawa, Kiyokazu Kawabe and Yasuo Iwasaki
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:137
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  50. Transcutaneous neurostimulation (TNS) at extracephalic sites is a well known treatment of pain. Thanks to recent technical progress, the Cefaly® device now also allows supraorbital TNS. During observational clini...

    Authors: Maxime Piquet, Costantino Balestra, Simona L Sava and Jean E Schoenen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:135
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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