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  1. The mu-opioid agonist methadone is administered orally and used in opioid detoxification and in the treatment of moderate-to-severe pain. Acute oral methadone–use and –abuse have been associated with inflammat...

    Authors: Jonathan Repple, Svea Haessner, Andreas Johnen, Nils C. Landmeyer, Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Marc Pawlitzki, Heinz Wiendl and Gerd Meyer zu Hörste

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:85

    Content type: Case report

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  2. Stroke in children easily causes long-term dysfunction. Whether the prognoses of motor and anxiety disorders are related to the affected stroke area has not been reported.

    Authors: Tianyi Li, Jiannan Ma, Siqi Hong, Yuanyuan Luo, Xiujuan Li, Tingsong Li and Li Jiang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:84

    Content type: Research article

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  3. The respiratory system involvement is the most common presentation of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, other organs including the central nervous system (CNS) could be affected by the virus. Strok...

    Authors: Michael T. Lawton, Ehsan Alimohammadi, Seyed Reza Bagheri, Arash Bostani, Siavash Vaziri, Ali Karbasforoushan, Kossar Mozaffari, Mehran Bahrami Bukani and Alireza Abdi

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:83

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a non-Langerhans histiocytosis that results in multi-organ disease involving the skin, bones, lungs and kidneys. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement occurs in about 50 % o...

    Authors: Pedro Gustavo Barros Rodrigues, Isabelle de Sousa Pereira, Valter Barbalho Lima Filho, Daniel Aguiar Dias, Paulo Ribeiro Nóbrega and Pedro Braga-Neto

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:81

    Content type: Case report

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  6. Chronic lymphocytic infiltration with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a neuro-inflammatory syndrome first described in 2010. It has a relationship with lymphoproliferative...

    Authors: Yew Li Dang, Hong Kuan Kok, Penelope A. McKelvie, Matthew Ligtermoet, Laura Maddy, David A. Burrows and Douglas E. Crompton

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:80

    Content type: Case report

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  7. Recent advances in therapeutic options may prevent deterioration related to Huntington’s disease (HD), even at the pre-symptomatic stage. Be that as it may, a well-characterized patient population is essential...

    Authors: Katalin Despotov, Dénes Zádori, Gábor Veres, Katalin Jakab, Gabriella Gárdián, Eszter Tóth, Tamás Zsigmond Kincses, László Vécsei, András Ajtay, Dániel Bereczki and Péter Klivényi

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:79

    Content type: Research article

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  8. CCDC88C is a ubiquitously expressed protein with multiple functions, including roles in cell polarity and the development of dendrites in the nervous system. Bi-allelic mutations in the CCDC88C gene cause autosom...

    Authors: Ashraf Yahia, Zhefan Stephen Chen, Ammar E. Ahmed, Sara Emad, Rawaa Adil, Rayan Abubaker, Shaimaa Omer M. A. Taha, Mustafa A. Salih, Liena Elsayed, Ho Yin Edwin Chan and Giovanni Stevanin

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:78

    Content type: Case report

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  9. Cerebral radiation injury, including subacute radiation reactions and later stage radiation necrosis, is a severe side effect of brain tumor radiotherapy. A protocol of four infusions of the monoclonal antibod...

    Authors: Martin Voss, Katharina J. Wenger, Emmanouil Fokas, Marie-Thérèse Forster, Joachim P. Steinbach and Michael W. Ronellenfitsch

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:77

    Content type: Research article

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  10. In contrast to the hospital setting, today little work has been directed to the definition, measurement, and improvement of the quality of out-patient medical and therapeutic care. We developed a set of indica...

    Authors: I. Padberg, S. Heel, P. Thiem, A. Diebel, E. Mordhorst, U. Strohmeyer and A. Meisel

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:76

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Carotid stenosis is a known risk factor for ischemic stroke, and carotid artery stenting is an effective preventive procedure. However, the stroke risk reduction for asymptomatic patients is small. Therefore, ...

    Authors: Seong Hwa Jang, Doo Hyuk Kwon, Moon-Ku Han, Hyungjong Park, Sung-Il Sohn, Huimahn Choi and Jeong-Ho Hong

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:75

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Despite its initial association with sensory neuropathies, anti-fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) antibodies have been since reported with a broad range of neuropathies and clinical features. The aim...

    Authors: Elanagan Nagarajan, Seung Ah Kang, Carmen Holmes and Raghav Govindarajan

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:74

    Content type: Research article

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  13. New Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) such as Rivaroxaban are introduced as alternatives to conventional vitamin-K antagonists in the long-term treatment of thrombotic events due to their lower bleeding risk. There ...

    Authors: Sara Esmaeili, Meysam Abolmaali, Sobhan Aarabi, Mohammad Reza Motamed, Samira Chaibakhsh, Mohammad Taghi Joghataei, Mohammad Mojtahed and Zahra Mirzaasgari

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:73

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Identifying physical activity (PA) profiles of people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) could provide clinically meaningful knowledge concerning how to tailor PA interventions. Our objectives were therefore to i) ...

    Authors: Philip von Rosen, Maria Hagströmer, Erika Franzén and Breiffni Leavy

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:71

    Content type: Research article

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  16. We aimed to compare neuropathic progression rate between hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv-PN) and other peripheral neuropathies, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) an...

    Authors: Xiaochen Lin, Aaron Yarlas, Montserrat Vera-Llonch, Nishtha Baranwal, Josh Biber, Duncan Brown, Braden Vogt and Chafic Karam

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:70

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC) may occur after severe brain injury. Two diagnostic entities are distinguished within PDOC: unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS, previously known as vegetative st...

    Authors: Danielle M. F. Driessen, Cecile M. A. Utens, Gerard M. Ribbers, Willemijn S. van Erp and Majanka H. Heijenbrok-Kal

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:69

    Content type: Study protocol

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  18. Depression in essential tremor (ET) has been constantly studied and reported, while the associated brain activity changes remain unclear. Recently, regional homogeneity (ReHo), a voxel-wise local functional co...

    Authors: Xiyue Duan, Zhou Fang, Li Tao, Huiyue Chen, Xiaoyu Zhang, Yufen Li, Hansheng Wang, Aotian Li, Xueyan Zhang, Ya Pang, Min Gu, Jiahui Wu, Fajin Lv, Tianyou Luo, Oumei Cheng, Jin Luo…

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:68

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Systemic cardiac hypoperfusion is a well-acknowledged contributor to ischemic leukoencephalopathy. However, it has remained elusive how atherosclerosis-mediated cardiac remodelling modifies cerebral perfusion ...

    Authors: Xiaodong Chen, Danli Lu, Ning Guo, Zhuang Kang, Ke Zhang, Jihui Wang, Xuejiao Men, Zhengqi Lu and Wei Qiu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:67

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) often have reduced aerobic capacity and report fatigue as the most disabling symptom impacting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A multidisciplinary rehabilit...

    Authors: Nadine Patt, Jan Kool, Ruth Hersche, Max Oberste, David Walzik, Niklas Joisten, Daniel Caminada, Francesca Ferrara, Roman Gonzenbach, Claudio Renato Nigg, Christian Philipp Kamm, Philipp Zimmer and Jens Bansi

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:65

    Content type: Study protocol

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  22. ALDH18A1 mutations lead to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate-synthetase (P5CS) deficiency, which is a urea cycle-related disorder including SPG9A, SPG9B, autosomal dominant cutis laxa-3 (ADCL3), and autosomal reces...

    Authors: Kishin Koh, Ryusuke Takaki, Hiroyuki Ishiura, Shoji Tsuji and Yoshihisa Takiyama

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:64

    Content type: Case report

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  23. Limited research exists to guide clinical decisions about trialling, selecting, implementing and evaluating eye-gaze control technology. This paper reports on the outcomes of a Delphi study that was conducted ...

    Authors: Petra Karlsson, Tom Griffiths, Michael T. Clarke, Elegast Monbaliu, Kate Himmelmann, Saranda Bekteshi, Abigail Allsop, René Pereksles, Claire Galea and Margaret Wallen

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:63

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Gait impairments are common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Cholinesterase inhibitors are used to treat the symptoms of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, but they have not been shown to reduce the sever...

    Authors: Hideki Shimura, Aiba Saiko, Akito Hayashi, Nobutaka Hattori and Takao Urabe

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:61

    Content type: Research article

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  26. To assess the predictive value of common measures validated to predict falls in other geriatric populations in patients presenting with suspected Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH).

    Authors: Alexander Davis, Mark Luciano, Abhay Moghekar and Sevil Yasar

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:60

    Content type: Research article

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  27. During medical imaging, cystic radiation encephalopathy and brain metastasis are difficult to differentiate, and hence they are easily misdiagnosed. To our knowledge, a nasopharyngeal carcinoma recurrence afte...

    Authors: Xuhui Chen, Lijie Ren, Guozhen Qiu and Liming Cao

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:59

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  28. Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) is a useful tool to measure headache-related disability. Modified MIDAS with 4-week recall period reduces recall bias and improves accuracy of the results. This stu...

    Authors: Pedro L. Ferreira, Isabel Luzeiro, Margarida Lopes, André Jorge, Bruno Silva and Lara Ferreira

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:58

    Content type: Research article

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  29. The effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in cancer-related stroke (CRS) is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of MT in CRS patients. We also explore...

    Authors: Eung-Joon Lee, Jeonghoon Bae, Hae-Bong Jeong, Eun Ji Lee, Han-Yeong Jeong and Byung-Woo Yoon

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:57

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  30. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as an inflammatory marker. However, the associations of NLR with intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) and ischemic stroke remain unclear. This study aimed to...

    Authors: Liang-Yu Huang, Fu-Rong Sun, Jian-Jun Yin, Ya-Hui Ma, Hong-Qi Li, Xiao-Ling Zhong, Jin-Tai Yu, Jing-Hui Song and Lan Tan

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:56

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Although several brain networks play important roles in cervical dystonia (CD) patients, regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes in CD patients have not been clarified. We investigated to explore ReHo in CD patien...

    Authors: Shubao Wei, Chunhui Lu, Xiuqiong Chen, Lu Yang, Jing Wei, Wenyan Jiang, Yang Liu, Hui Hui Li, Yuhong Qin, Yiwu Lei, Chao Qin, Caiyou Hu and Shuguang Luo

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:55

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. Efforts to identify potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of ischemic stroke (IS) are valuable. The H19 gene plays a functional role in increasing the prevalence of IS risk factors. We evaluated the correlati...

    Authors: Mohadese Rezaei, Mohammad Javad Mokhtari, Mahnaz Bayat, Anahid Safari, Mehdi Dianatpuor, Reza Tabrizi, Tahereh Asadabadi and Afshin Borhani-Haghighi

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:54

    Content type: Research article

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  33. In Egypt, the characterization of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is lacking.

    Authors: Nirmeen A. Kishk, Walaa Abdelfattah, Nevin M. Shalaby, Hatem S. Shehata, Amr Hassan, Mohamed I. Hegazy, Noha T. Abokrysha, Doaa Abdellatif, Shereen M. Shawky, Sarah S. Abdo, Noha Taha, Amr M. Fouad, Alaa Elmazny and Amany H. Ragab

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:53

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Isolated spinal artery aneurysms are extremely rare, and their pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment strategies are poorly established. We report only the second case of a patient with an isolated...

    Authors: Alexander Tenorio, Brandon B. Holmes, Adib A. Abla, Matthew Amans and Karl Meisel

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:52

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  36. Although the pathology of sciatica has been studied extensively, the transcriptional changes in the peripheral blood caused by sciatica have not been characterized. This study aimed to characterize the periphe...

    Authors: Yi Wang, Guogang Dai, Ling Jiang, Shichuan Liao and Jiao Xia

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:50

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Fingolimod is a S1P1 receptor modulator that prevents activated lymphocyte egress from lymphoid tissues causing lymphopenia, mainly affecting CD4+ T lymphocytes. Withdrawal from fingolimod can be followed by seve...

    Authors: Silvia Delgado, Jeffrey Hernandez, Leticia Tornes and Kottil Rammohan

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:48

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  39. Approximately 10% of patients would develop symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) after endovascular therapy. The aim of our study was to explore the ability of hypersensitive C-reactive protein-albumin r...

    Authors: Qiang Peng, Jiankang Hou, Siyu Wang, Feng Zhou, Yan E, Wei Wang, Ting Huang, Meng Wang, Shi Huang, Junshan Zhou, Nihong Chen and Yingdong Zhang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:47

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Many patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who receive carbidopa/levodopa experience symptom reemergence or worsening, or “OFF” episodes. This study assessed the association of “OFF” episodes with health-rela...

    Authors: Andrew Thach, Eddie Jones, Eric Pappert, James Pike, Jack Wright and Alexander Gillespie

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:46

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Endovascular procedures with liquid embolic agents such as ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers are indicated before surgical treatment of cervical paraganglioma. Consequently, these agents are now availab...

    Authors: Santiago Moreno-Paredes, Laura Rodríguez-Alcalá, Juan Martín-Lagos Martínez, Nicolás Müller Locatelli, Cristina Vázquez López, José Luis Vargas Fernández and Álvaro Cabrera Peña

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:45

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  42. The aim of the study was to determine the role of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) in the prediction of functional status at the end of neurological early rehabilitative treatment.

    Authors: Melanie Boltzmann, Simone B. Schmidt, Christoph Gutenbrunner, Joachim K. Krauss, Martin Stangel, Günter U. Höglinger, Claus-W. Wallesch and Jens D. Rollnik

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:44

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a small but clinically significant risk of stroke, the cause of which is frequently cryptogenic. In a large multinational cohort of consecutive COVID-19 p...

    Authors: María E. Ramos-Araque, James E. Siegler, Marc Ribo, Manuel Requena, Cristina López, Mercedes de Lera, Juan F. Arenillas, Isabel Hernández Pérez, Beatriz Gómez-Vicente, Blanca Talavera, Pere Cardona Portela, Ana Nuñez Guillen, Xabier Urra, Laura Llull, Arturo Renú, Thanh N. Nguyen…

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:43

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory condition characterized by high serum IgG4 concentrations and tissue infiltration by IgG4-positive plasma cells. Reports hav...

    Authors: Jeong Bin Bong, Dong Kun Lee, Min A Lee, Byoung Wook Hwang and Hyun Goo Kang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:41

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  46. Surgery is a potential trigger of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), a disorder which leads to an autoimmune-mediated attack of peripheral nerves. The present study was designed to explore clinical features of pos...

    Authors: Qiaoyu Gong, Shuping Liu, Yin Liu, Jiajia Yao, Xiujuan Fu, Zheman Xiao and Zuneng Lu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:40

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is caused by a reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection, and it is characterized by the symptoms of facial paralysis, otalgia, auricular rash, and/or an oral lesion. El...

    Authors: Yuan-Mei Liao, Hai-Feng Lu, Peng Xie, Ying Zhao, Qiu Han, Qian-Xi Zhang, Xiao-Hua Zuo, Yan-Na Si and Hong-Guang Bao

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:39

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  48. Ambulatory and balance functions are important for maintaining general health in humans. Gait analysis allows clinicians and researchers to identify the parameters to be focused on when assessing balance and a...

    Authors: Min Cheol Chang, Byung Joo Lee, Na-Young Joo and Donghwi Park

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:38

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a serious neurological complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after revascularization. The majority of AIS patients do not have atrial fibrillation (AF) which could also...

    Authors: Hao-Ran Cheng, Yun-Bin Chen, Ya-Ying Zeng, Yi-Ting Ruan, Cheng-Xiang Yuan, Qian-Qian Cheng, Hui-Jun Chen, Xiao-Qian Luan, Gui-Qian Huang and Jin-Cai He

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:36

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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