Table 2 The barriers and facilitators to health-promoting lifestyle behaviors among people with MS
Semantic Units | Subcategories | Categories | Themes |
|---|---|---|---|
Lack of sufficient knowledge about healthy lifestyle, need for knowledge about prevention of disease complications, need for knowledge about new condition management | People’s lack of knowledge | Lack of knowledge | Barriers |
The family's lack of understanding of the symptoms and complications of the disease, the family members' lack of satisfaction with their inability to fulfill family roles and responsibilities | Families’ lack of knowledge | ||
Receiving negative vibes from friends due to lack of knowledge about the disease, trying to avoiding people around | Friends and relatives’ lack of knowledge | ||
The need for culturalization in society, fear of stigmas and disgusting behaviors, false beliefs in society due to not having enough knowledge about the disease | Public’s lack of knowledge | ||
The need for financial support and insurance, the cost of food and medicine, etc., low income and insufficient livelihood | Lack of financial resources | Limited access to resources | |
Lack of sports facilities suitable for people with MS, lack of adaptation to the environment, distance | Lack of social resources | ||
The need for specialized and supportive services, the expectation of follow-up and support from therapists, the passivity of associations and care systems | Lack of healthcare resources | ||
Lack of specialized educational media | Limited access to educational resources | ||
Failure to perform healthy behaviors, Low ability to take care of oneself | Reduced self-care ability | Poor health status | |
Complications of illness, losses due to illness | Severity of complications | ||
Trying to perform healthy behaviors after illness, paying attention to the symptoms of illness and your health, trying to manage medical complications | Self-efficacy | Attention to inner abilities | Facilitators |
More communication with God, taking refuge in spirituality, creating solitude and gratitude | Spirituality | ||
Dreams for the future, love for life, hope for the future | Hopefulness | ||
Support of family and spouse, being motivated by spouse, love in family | Family support | Social support | |
Communication with friends, meetings with peers, energizing friendships | Peer support | ||
Using cyberspace, media as an educational resource | Informational support | ||
Relationships with healthcare providers, support associations | Healthcare support | ||
Supporting charities, creating recreational spaces for people with MS, financial support | Charity support |