Table 2 Participant characteristics by cohort (at start of stage; some participants included in several cohorts if progressing)
CN | MCI due to AD | Mild AD dementia | Moderate AD dementia | Severe AD dementia | Total (unique participants, at study entry) | Total (overlapping cohorts, at start of stage) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 11,458 | n = 937 | n = 522 | n = 457 | n = 85 | n = 12,414 | n = 13,459 | |
Age at first visit (including pre-index visits) | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 70.4 (9.15) | 75.6 (7.78) | 75.5 (7.97) | 75.2 (7.64) | 73.9 (8.50) | 70.8 (9.14) | 71.2 (9.14) |
Median (Q1, Q3) | 70.0 (65.0, 77.0) | 76.0 (71.0, 81.0) | 76.0 (71.0, 81.0) | 75.0 (71.0, 80.0) | 75.0 (69.0, 80.0) | 71.0 (65.0, 77.0) | 71.0 (65.0, 78.0) |
Min, Max | 38.0, 104 | 41.0, 102 | 46.0, 96.0 | 46.0, 97.0 | 46.0, 91.0 | 38.0, 104 | 38.0, 104 |
Age at study entry (index visit) | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 70.5 (9.07) | 79.2 (8.05) | 78.0 (8.22) | 79.0 (8.06) | 79.1 (9.07) | 71.0 (9.17) | 71.7 (9.42) |
Median (Q1, Q3) | 70.0 (65.0, 77.0) | 80.0 (74.0, 85.0) | 79.0 (73.0, 84.0) | 79.0 (74.0, 85.0) | 80.0 (74.0, 85.0) | 71.0 (65.0, 77.0) | 72.0 (65.0, 78.0) |
Min, Max | 50.0, 104 | 51.0, 103 | 50.0, 97.0 | 50.0, 98.0 | 53.0, 96.0 | 50.0, 104 | 50.0, 104 |
Sex, n (%) | |||||||
Male | 3877 (33.8) | 390 (41.6) | 245 (46.9) | 223 (48.8) | 40 (47.1) | 4337 (34.9) | 4775 (35.5) |
Female | 7581 (66.2) | 547 (58.4) | 277 (53.1) | 234 (51.2) | 45 (52.9) | 8077 (65.1) | 8684 (64.5) |
BMI, n (%) | |||||||
Normal or healthy weight | 3685 (32.2) | 358 (38.2) | 216 (41.4) | 195 (42.7) | 34 (40.0) | 4045 (32.6) | 4488 (33.3) |
Underweight | 122 (1.1) | 20 (2.1) | 13 (2.5) | 9 (2.0) | 4 (4.7) | 144 (1.2) | 168 (1.2) |
Overweight | 4073 (35.5) | 329 (35.1) | 197 (37.7) | 160 (35.0) | 28 (32.9) | 4442 (35.8) | 4787 (35.6) |
Obese | 2941 (25.7) | 148 (15.8) | 66 (12.6) | 58 (12.7) | 8 (9.4) | 3077 (24.8) | 3221 (23.9) |
Missing | 637 (5.6) | 82 (8.8) | 30 (5.7) | 35 (7.7) | 11 (12.9) | 706 (5.7) | 795 (5.9) |
Race, n (%) | |||||||
White | 9286 (81.0) | 790 (84.3) | 453 (86.8) | 370 (81.0) | 69 (81.2) | 10,089 (81.3) | 10,968 (81.5) |
Black or African American | 1668 (14.6) | 114 (12.2) | 51 (9.8) | 60 (13.1) | 11 (12.9) | 1775 (14.3) | 1904 (14.1) |
American Indian or Alaska Native | 77 (0.7) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 80 (0.6) | 80 (0.6) |
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 9 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (1.2) | 10 (0.1) | 11 (0.1) |
Asian | 272 (2.4) | 21 (2.2) | 12 (2.3) | 16 (3.5) | 3 (3.5) | 298 (2.4) | 324 (2.4) |
Other | 84 (0.7) | 5 (0.5) | 5 (1.0) | 5 (1.1) | 1 (1.2) | 95 (0.8) | 100 (0.7) |
Unknown | 62 (0.5) | 5 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 67 (0.5) | 72 (0.5) |
Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, n (%) | |||||||
No | 10,636 (92.8) | 871 (93.0) | 497 (95.2) | 423 (92.6) | 79 (92.9) | 11,520 (92.8) | 12,506 (92.9) |
Yes | 767 (6.7) | 64 (6.8) | 24 (4.6) | 31 (6.8) | 5 (5.9) | 836 (6.7) | 891 (6.6) |
Unknown | 55 (0.5) | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.7) | 1 (1.2) | 58 (0.5) | 62 (0.5) |
Years of education | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 15.9 (2.94) | 15.7 (3.33) | 15.5 (3.00) | 15.0 (3.35) | 15.5 (2.92) | 15.9 (2.98) | 15.8 (2.99) |
Median (Q1, Q3) | 16.0 (14.0, 18.0) | 16.0 (14.0, 18.0) | 16.0 (13.0, 18.0) | 16.0 (12.0, 18.0) | 16.0 (13.0, 18.0) | 16.0 (14.0, 18.0) | 16.0 (14.0, 18.0) |
Min, Max | 0, 29.0 | 0, 28.0 | 6.00, 30.0 | 1.00, 24.0 | 8.00, 20.0 | 0, 30.0 | 0, 30.0 |
Missing | 63 (0.5) | 5 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 63 (0.5) | 70 (0.5) |
More than 12 years of education, n (%) | |||||||
12 years or less | 1815 (15.8) | 179 (19.1) | 120 (23.0) | 128 (28.0) | 17 (20.0) | 2048 (16.5) | 2259 (16.8) |
More than 12 years | 9580 (83.6) | 753 (80.4) | 401 (76.8) | 328 (71.8) | 68 (80.0) | 10,303 (83.0) | 11,130 (82.7) |
Missing | 63 (0.5) | 5 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 63 (0.5) | 70 (0.5) |
Type of residence, n (%) | |||||||
Single- or multi-family private residence (apartment, condo, house) | 10,697 (93.4) | 813 (86.8) | 466 (89.3) | 400 (87.5) | 67 (78.8) | 11,549 (93.0) | 12,443 (92.5) |
Retirement community or independent group living | 538 (4.7) | 85 (9.1) | 41 (7.9) | 35 (7.7) | 11 (12.9) | 603 (4.9) | 710 (5.3) |
Institutionalized | 37 (0.3) | 12 (1.3) | 9 (1.7) | 22 (4.8) | 7 (8.2) | 53 (0.4) | 87 (0.6) |
Other or unknown | 186 (1.6) | 27 (2.9) | 6 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 209 (1.7) | 219 (1.6) |
Currently smoking, n (%) | |||||||
No | 10,917 (95.3) | 580 (61.9) | 413 (79.1) | 318 (69.6) | 65 (76.5) | 11,640 (93.8) | 12,293 (91.3) |
Yes | 445 (3.9) | 15 (1.6) | 6 (1.1) | 4 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 460 (3.7) | 470 (3.5) |
Missing | 96 (0.8) | 342 (36.5) | 103 (19.7) | 135 (29.5) | 20 (23.5) | 314 (2.5) | 696 (5.2) |
Alcohol abuse, n (%) | |||||||
Absent | 11,002 (96.0) | 572 (61.0) | 410 (78.5) | 309 (67.6) | 61 (71.8) | 11,710 (94.3) | 12,354 (91.8) |
Recent/active | 47 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.9) | 1 (1.2) | 51 (0.4) | 56 (0.4) |
Remote/inactive | 329 (2.9) | 16 (1.7) | 8 (1.5) | 9 (2.0) | 3 (3.5) | 354 (2.9) | 365 (2.7) |
Missing | 80 (0.7) | 346 (36.9) | 103 (19.7) | 135 (29.5) | 20 (23.5) | 299 (2.4) | 684 (5.1) |
APOE status, n (%) | |||||||
No ε4 allele | 6636 (57.9) | 530 (56.6) | 183 (35.1) | 156 (34.1) | 32 (37.6) | 7009 (56.5) | 7537 (56.0) |
One or two copies of ε4 allele | 2945 (25.7) | 323 (34.5) | 303 (58.0) | 273 (59.7) | 48 (56.5) | 3441 (27.7) | 3892 (28.9) |
Missing | 1877 (16.4) | 84 (9.0) | 36 (6.9) | 28 (6.1) | 5 (5.9) | 1964 (15.8) | 2030 (15.1) |
Presence or history of CAD, n (%) | |||||||
No | 10,909 (95.2) | 856 (91.4) | 487 (93.3) | 424 (92.8) | 78 (91.8) | 11,790 (95.0) | 12,754 (94.8) |
Yes | 527 (4.6) | 81 (8.6) | 35 (6.7) | 33 (7.2) | 7 (8.2) | 602 (4.8) | 683 (5.1) |
Missing | 22 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 22 (0.2) | 22 (0.2) |
Presence or history of CVD, n (%) | |||||||
No | 10,910 (95.2) | 871 (93.0) | 481 (92.1) | 422 (92.3) | 78 (91.8) | 11,801 (95.1) | 12,762 (94.8) |
Yes | 546 (4.8) | 66 (7.0) | 41 (7.9) | 35 (7.7) | 7 (8.2) | 611 (4.9) | 695 (5.2) |
Missing | 2 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.0) | 2 (0.0) |
CDR-GS at index date | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 0 (0) | 0.415 (0.188) | 0.662 (0.246) | 0.914 (0.402) | 1.78 (0.629) | 0.0473 (0.181) | 0.0968 (0.284) |
Median (Q1, Q3) | 0 (0, 0) | 0.500 (0.500, 0.500) | 0.500 (0.500, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.500, 1.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) |
Min, Max | 0, 0 | 0, 0.500 | 0.500, 2.00 | 0.500, 3.00 | 0.500, 3.00 | 0, 2.00 | 0, 3.00 |
MMSE/MoCA at index date | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 29.1 (1.38) | 27.7 (2.16) | 23.9 (1.66) | 19.8 (3.15) | 12.8 (5.03) | 28.7 (2.09) | 28.4 (2.81) |
Median (Q1, Q3) | 30.0 (29.0, 30.0) | 28.0 (27.0, 29.0) | 24.0 (23.0, 25.0) | 20.0 (18.0, 22.0) | 14.0 (9.00, 17.0) | 29.0 (28.0, 30.0) | 29.0 (28.0, 30.0) |
Min, Max | 16.0, 30.0 | 18.0, 30.0 | 21.0, 26.0 | 10.0, 26.0 | 2.00, 20.0 | 4.00, 30.0 | 2.00, 30.0 |
Missing | 222 (1.9) | 56 (6.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 239 (1.9) | 278 (2.1) |
FAQ score at index date | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 0.205 (1.20) | 1.95 (3.22) | 9.63 (6.14) | 16.5 (7.91) | 26.7 (4.09) | 0.833 (3.18) | 1.44 (4.67) |
Median (Q1, Q3) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 2.50) | 9.00 (4.44, 14.0) | 17.0 (10.0, 23.0) | 28.0 (25.0, 30.0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) |
Min, Max | 0, 30.0 | 0, 19.0 | 0, 23.0 | 0, 30.0 | 7.50, 30.0 | 0, 30.0 | 0, 30.0 |
Missing | 349 (3.0) | 31 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 362 (2.9) | 381 (2.8) |
NPI-Q at index date | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 0.632 (1.53) | 1.54 (2.63) | 2.58 (2.47) | 4.82 (4.50) | 9.98 (6.55) | 0.812 (1.86) | 0.972 (2.21) |
Median (Q1, Q3) | 0 (0, 1.00) | 0 (0, 2.00) | 2.00 (0, 4.00) | 3.00 (1.00, 7.00) | 9.00 (5.00, 14.0) | 0 (0, 1.00) | 0 (0, 1.00) |
Min, Max | 0, 26.0 | 0, 20.0 | 0, 12.0 | 0, 23.0 | 0, 28.0 | 0, 26.0 | 0, 28.0 |
AD biomarker positive, n (%) | |||||||
No | 732 (6.4) | 31 (3.3) | 6 (1.1) | 12 (2.6) | 1 (1.2) | 754 (6.1) | 782 (5.8) |
Yes | 210 (1.8) | 47 (5.0) | 45 (8.6) | 42 (9.2) | 6 (7.1) | 289 (2.3) | 350 (2.6) |
Missing | 10,516 (91.8) | 859 (91.7) | 471 (90.2) | 403 (88.2) | 78 (91.8) | 11,371 (91.6) | 12,327 (91.6) |
Number of visits (in this stage) | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 3.81 (3.16) | 3.24 (2.53) | 1.90 (1.28) | 2.45 (1.54) | 1.96 (1.36) | 3.72 (3.11) | 3.64 (3.06) |
Median (Q1, Q3) | 3.00 (1.00, 5.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 4.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 3.00) | 3.00 (1.00, 5.00) | 3.00 (1.00, 5.00) |
Min, Max | 1.00, 16.0 | 1.00, 14.0 | 1.00, 10.0 | 1.00, 11.0 | 1.00, 7.00 | 1.00, 16.0 | 1.00, 16.0 |
Number of visits (overall) | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 4.93 (3.55) | 7.29 (3.44) | 5.65 (2.75) | 6.28 (2.81) | 6.74 (2.46) | 4.98 (3.51) | 5.18 (3.55) |
Median (Q1, Q3) | 4.00 (2.00, 7.00) | 7.00 (4.00, 10.0) | 5.00 (4.00, 7.00) | 6.00 (4.00, 8.00) | 7.00 (5.00, 8.00) | 4.00 (2.00, 7.00) | 4.00 (2.00, 7.00) |
Min, Max | 1.00, 16.0 | 2.00, 16.0 | 2.00, 15.0 | 2.00, 15.0 | 2.00, 14.0 | 1.00, 16.0 | 1.00, 16.0 |