Table 3 Relative risks of death estimated by Cox proportional-hazards models

Model parameters, hazard ratios (95% CI)

Disease severity

CN

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

MCI due to AD

2.1*** (1.71–2.59)

0.9 (0.72–1.11)

1.04 (0.81–1.34)

0.84 (0.65–1.07)

1.32 (0.08–21.1)

Mild AD dementia

4.92*** (3.68–6.57)

2.05*** (1.52–2.76)

2.36*** (1.66–3.37)

2.08*** (1.49–2.91)

615** (9.70-38-945)

Moderate AD dementia

7.74*** (6.39–9.38)

2.85*** (2.27–3.58)

2.75*** (2.01–3.75)

2.55*** (1.94–3.35)

12827*** (1-102-149-363)

Severe AD dementia

17.2*** (13.5–21.8)

7.04*** (5.32–9.32)

8.04*** (5.51–11.8)

6.19*** (4.36–8.80)

24036*** (1-192-484-606)

Age at start of stage

1.11*** (1.10–1.12)

1.11*** (1.10–1.12)

1.1*** (1.09–1.12)

1.13*** (1.11–1.14)

Sex

Male

-

ref

ref

ref

ref

Female

-

0.6*** (0.52–0.68)

0.61*** (0.52–0.72)

0.56*** (0.48–0.65)

0.57*** (0.49–0.66)

BMI

Normal or healthy weight

-

-

ref

ref

ref

Underweight

-

-

1.83* (1.01–3.32)

1.73 (0.93–3.22)

1.48 (0.76–2.89)

Overweight

-

-

0.75** (0.63–0.90)

0.75*** (0.63–0.89)

0.76** (0.64–0.89)

Obese

-

-

1.19 (0.96–1.47)

1.21 (0.99–1.48)

1.24* (1.02–1.51)

Race

White

-

-

ref

-

-

Black or African American

-

-

0.96 (0.73–1.25)

-

-

Asian

-

-

0.23* (0.06–0.87)

-

-

Other

-

-

1.77 (0.59–5.35)

-

-

Hispanic/Latino ethnicity

No

-

-

ref

-

-

Yes

-

-

0.35** (0.19–0.67)

-

-

Unknown

-

-

0.49 (0.14–1.67)

-

-

Years of education

0.98 (0.96–1.01)

More than 12 years of education

-

-

-

-

-

12 years or less

-

ref

-

ref

ref

More than 12 years

-

0.86 (0.73–1.02)

-

0.93 (0.76–1.14)

0.96 (0.78–1.17)

Type of residence

Single- or multi-family private residence (apartment, condo, house)

-

-

ref

ref

ref

Retirement community or independent group living

-

-

1.31** (1.07–1.60)

1.44*** (1.19–1.75)

1.36** (1.12–1.65)

Institutionalized

-

-

2.49*** (1.72–3.60)

3.1*** (2.22–4.33)

3.11*** (2.28–4.25)

APOE status

No ε4 allele

-

-

ref

ref

ref

One or two copies of ε4 allele

-

-

1.09 (0.91–1.29)

1.11 (0.94–1.30)

1.05 (0.89–1.25)

Presence or history of CAD

No

-

-

ref

-

-

Yes

-

-

1.93*** (1.50–2.49)

-

-

Presence or history of CVD

No

-

-

ref

-

-

Yes

-

-

1.32 (0.99–1.75)

-

-

Currently smoking

No

-

-

ref

-

-

Yes

-

-

2.06*** (1.37–3.10)

-

-

Alcohol abuse

Absent

-

-

ref

-

-

Recent/Active

-

-

1.4 (0.63–3.11)

-

-

Remote/Inactive

-

-

1.66** (1.15–2.38)

-

-

Disease severity by age at start of stage

MCI due to AD by age at index visit

-

-

-

-

0.99 (0.96–1.03)

Mild AD by age at index visit

-

-

-

-

0.93** (0.89–0.98)

Moderate AD by age at index visit

-

-

-

-

0.9*** (0.87–0.93)

Severe AD by age at index visit

-

-

-

-

0.9*** (0.87–0.94)

Number of observations per stage

CN

11,458

11,395

8859

8971

8971

MCI due to AD

937

932

497

777

777

Mild AD dementia

522

521

367

456

456

Moderate AD dementia

457

456

276

395

395

Severe AD dementia

85

85

53

69

69