The association of upper airway anatomy with cognitive test performance: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Table 3 Multiple linear regression models for the association of the three upper airway variables selected by lasso and Bayesian Model Averaging models with CASI score (primary analysis), the primary analysis plus AHI, and two sensitivity analyses

	Coefficient*	95% CI		P-value
Primary analysis
Soft palate volume (per sd)	0.83	0.25	1.41	0.005
Upper facial height (per sd)	0.75	0.17	1.33	0.01
Maxillary divergence (per sd)	0.70	0.12	1.29	0.02
Primary analysis plus AHI
Soft palate volume (per sd)	0.76	0.18	1.34	0.01
Upper facial height (per sd)	0.74	0.17	1.32	0.01
Maxillary divergence (per sd)	0.74	0.15	1.33	0.01
AHI (events per hour, per doubling)	0.40	-0.02	0.82	0.06
Sensitivity analysis 1 (including adiposity)
Soft palate volume (per sd)	0.79	0.20	1.37	0.009
Upper facial height (per sd)	0.73	0.15	1.31	0.01
Maxillary divergence (per sd)	0.71	0.12	1.30	0.02
BMI (per sd)	0.95	-0.15	2.05	0.09
Waist circumference (per sd)	-0.75	-1.81	0.31	0.2
Sensitivity analysis 2 (excluding 11 participants with > 5 BMI change between exams 5 and 6)
Soft palate volume (per sd)	0.79	0.21	1.36	0.007
Upper facial height (per sd)	0.76	0.18	1.34	0.01
Maxillary divergence (per sd)	0.64	0.05	1.22	0.03

*All models additionally adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, site, current alcohol use, education, income, language spoken, and APOE4 carrier status
CASI = Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument

ISSN: 1471-2377