The association of upper airway anatomy with cognitive test performance: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Table 4 In subgroups defined by race/ethnicity and sex, association of selected upper airway measures with CASI score using a single multiple linear regression model for each subgroup

	Coefficient*	95% CI		P-value
Black participants (N = 147)
Soft palate volume (per sd)	1.60	0.48	2.72	0.005
Upper facial height (per sd)	0.39	-0.82	1.60	0.5
Maxillary divergence (per sd)	0.72	-0.49	1.93	0.2
Chinese-American participants (N = 88)
Soft palate volume (per sd)	0.68	-0.69	2.04	0.3
Upper facial height (per sd)	0.10	-1.42	1.63	0.9
Maxillary divergence (per sd)	1.67	0.17	3.18	0.03
Hispanic participants (N = 108)
Soft palate volume (per sd)	0.62	-1.24	2.48	0.5
Upper facial height (per sd)	0.11	-1.61	1.84	0.9
Maxillary divergence (per sd)	0.89	-0.66	2.44	0.3
White participants (N = 228)
Soft palate volume (per sd)	0.07	-0.76	0.89	0.9
Upper facial height (per sd)	1.43	0.63	2.23	0.001
Maxillary divergence (per sd)	0.41	-0.46	1.28	0.4
Female participants (N = 312)
Soft palate volume (per sd)	1.78	0.77	2.78	0.001
Upper facial height (per sd)	0.54	-0.37	1.45	0.2
Maxillary divergence (per sd)	1.13	0.24	2.03	0.01
Male participants (N = 259)
Soft palate volume (per sd)	0.18	-0.49	0.85	0.6
Upper facial height (per sd)	0.83	0.10	1.56	0.03
Maxillary divergence (per sd)	0.39	-0.38	1.16	0.3

*All models additionally adjusted for age, gender, site, current alcohol use, education, income, language spoken, and ApoE4 carrier status
CASI = Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument

ISSN: 1471-2377