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  1. There is an increasing awareness of the role of the cerebellum not only in motor, but also in cognitive and emotional functions. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14) is an autosomal dominant hereditary ataxi...

    Authors: Iselin Marie Wedding, Jeanette Koht, Espen Dietrichs, Nils Inge Landrø and Chantal ME Tallaksen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:186
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Susac’s Syndrome (SS) consists of the triad of encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions (BRAO) and hearing loss (HL). Histopathologically, SS is characterised by a microangiopathy, and some observation...

    Authors: Maik Engeholm, Beate Leo-Kottler, Hansjörg Rempp, Tobias Lindig, Holger Lerche, Ilka Kleffner, Melanie Henes and Marcel Dihné
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:185
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  3. Anti-dementia drugs may improve gait performance. No comparison between acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (CEIs) and memantine-related changes in gait variability has been reported. The objectives of this study ...

    Authors: Olivier Beauchet, Cyrille P Launay, Gazan Allali, Gilles Watfa, Karim Gallouj, François R Herrmann and Cédric Annweiler
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. A wealth of published studies have been published on association between Chlamydia pneumoniae (C.pneumoniae) infection and cerebrovascular (CV) disease, but the results were inconsistent. This meta-analysis pr...

    Authors: Juan Chen, Meijia Zhu, Gaoting Ma, Zhangning Zhao and Zhongwen Sun
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Epilepsy is one of the major brain disorders worldwide. Breakthrough seizures carry a heavy burden of epilepsy, with increased morbidity and risk of premature mortality. Several factors have been suggested to ...

    Authors: Martin Kaddumukasa, Mark Kaddumukasa, Steven Matovu and Elly Katabira
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:182
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is affecting 5 million people worldwide, but the response mechanisms of the striatum are still unclear. Therefore, identification of gene expression alterations in the striatum will gr...

    Authors: Lianbo Gao, Honghua Gao, Huan Zhou and Yanyuan Xu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Retraction Note to this article has been published in BMC Neurology 2015 15:45

  7. In the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most important therapeutic aim of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) is to prevent or postpone long-term disability. Given the typically slow progression obser...

    Authors: Kyle Fahrbach, Rachel Huelin, Amber L Martin, Edward Kim, Homa B Dastani, Stephen Rao and Manoj Malhotra
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a brief battery of six neuropsychological tasks designed to assess frontal lobe function at bedside [Neurology 55:1621-1626, 2000]. The six FAB tasks explore cognitive and ...

    Authors: Bruno Kopp, Nina Rösser, Sandra Tabeling, Hans Jörg Stürenburg, Bianca de Haan, Hans-Otto Karnath and Karl Wessel
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Recently, plasma miRNAs have been reported as biomarkers for various diseases. However, the knowledge on the association of plasma miRNAs with ischemic stroke is still lacking. In this study, we investigated w...

    Authors: Guangwen Long, Feng Wang, Huaping Li, Zhongwei Yin, Chaugai Sandip, Yan Lou, Yan Wang, Chen Chen and Dao Wen Wang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a major impact on the physical, psychological and social life of patients and their families. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different perceptions of patients and caregiv...

    Authors: Lorena Lorefice, Gioia Mura, Giulia Coni, Giuseppe Fenu, Claudia Sardu, Jessica Frau, Giancarlo Coghe, Marta Melis, Maria Giovanna Marrosu and Eleonora Cocco
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cause of stroke, occurring in relatively young people. It has been suggested that some immune-mediated diseases may be associated with an increased risk of SAH.

    Authors: Sreeram V Ramagopalan, Julia Pakpoor, Olena Seminog, Raph Goldacre, Lee Graham and Michael J Goldacre
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of a specific enzyme leading to heparan sulfate (HS) accumulation within cells and to eventual progressive cereb...

    Authors: Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis, Santhia Mirtyl, Sebastian A Sallot, Diana G Hernandez-Ontiveros, Edward Haller and Paul R Sanberg
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare disorder with significant consequences. Quantitative MRI measurements may provide significant insights, however multicenter collaborative studies are needed given th...

    Authors: Tanuja Chitnis, Charles R Guttmann, Alexander Zaitsev, Alexander Musallam, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Ann Yeh, Moses Rodriguez, Jayne Ness, Mark P Gorman, Brian C Healy, Nancy Kuntz, Dorothee Chabas, Jonathan B Strober, Emmanuelle Waubant, Lauren Krupp, Daniel Pelletier…
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Leptin and adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) are produced by white adipose tissue and may play a role in chronic inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). To assess leptin and A-FABP in relapsing an...

    Authors: Silvia Messina, David Vargas-Lowy, Alexander Musallam, Brian C Healy, Pia Kivisakk, Roopali Gandhi, Riley Bove, Taha Gholipour, Samia Khoury, Howard L Weiner and Tanuja Chitnis
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Vertebral artery origin (VAO) stenosis is occasionally observed in patients who have acute ischemic stroke. We investigated the long-term outcomes and clinical significance of VAO stenosis in patients with acu...

    Authors: Young Jin Kim, Joon Hwa Lee, Jin Woo Choi, Hong Gee Roh, Young Il Chun, Ji-Sung Lee and Hahn Young Kim
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Cerebral vasculopathy have been described in Fabry disease, in which altered cerebral blood flow, vascular remodelling or impairment of endothelial function could be involved. Our study aims to evaluate these ...

    Authors: Tomás Segura, Oscar Ayo-Martín, Isabel Gómez-Fernandez, Carolina Andrés, Miguel A Barba and José Vivancos
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Sturge-Weber syndrome is a congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by facial port-wine stain, leptomeningeal angioma, and neurological disorders. Sturge-Weber syndrome can coexist with other disorders...

    Authors: Min Zhu, Xiaobin Li, Meihong Zhou, Hui Wan, Yuchen Wu and Daojun Hong
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:169
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. Infections are the leading cause of death in the acute phase following spinal cord injury and qualify as independent risk factor for poor neurological outcome (“disease modifying factor”). The enhanced suscept...

    Authors: Marcel A Kopp, Claudia Druschel, Christian Meisel, Thomas Liebscher, Erik Prilipp, Ralf Watzlawick, Paolo Cinelli, Andreas Niedeggen, Klaus-Dieter Schaser, Guido A Wanner, Armin Curt, Gertraut Lindemann, Natalia Nugaeva, Michael G Fehlings, Peter Vajkoczy, Mario Cabraja…
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:168
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  20. Cognitive impairment and visual deterioration are two key clinical symptoms in MS and affect 50 to 80% of patients. Little is known about the influence of cognitive impairment on visual tests recommended for M...

    Authors: Laura Wieder, Gunnar Gäde, Luisa M Pech, Hanna Zimmermann, Klaus-Dieter Wernecke, Jan-Markus Dörr, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, Friedemann Paul and Alexander U Brandt
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Prospective observation of hemodynamic changes before and after formation of brain aneurysms is often difficult. We used a vessel surface repair method to carry out a retrospective hemodynamic study before and...

    Authors: Wei-Jie Le, Yue-Qi Zhu, Ming-Hua Li, Lei Yan, Hua-Qiao Tan, Shi-Min Xiao and Ying-Sheng Cheng
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. A large number of longitudinal studies of population-based ageing cohorts are in progress internationally, but the insights from these studies into the risk and protective factors for cognitive ageing and cond...

    Authors: Perminder S Sachdev, Darren M Lipnicki, Nicole A Kochan, John D Crawford, Kenneth Rockwood, Shifu Xiao, Juan Li, Xia Li, Carol Brayne, Fiona E Matthews, Blossom CM Stephan, Richard B Lipton, Mindy J Katz, Karen Ritchie, Isabelle Carrière, Marie-Laure Ancelin…
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:165
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  23. A visual pursuit response is reportedly observed in ~20-30% of subjects in vegetative state (VS/UWS) and predicts better outcome; it is a key marker of evolution into the minimally conscious state (MCS). The p...

    Authors: Francesco Riganello, Maria D Cortese, Giuliano Dolce and Walter G Sannita
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. In-stent restenosis (ISR) is an important factor endangering the long-term safety and efficacy of carotid artery angioplasty and stenting (CAS). It is plausible that soft vulnerable plaques are more likely to ...

    Authors: Katrin Wasser, André Karch, Sonja Gröschel, Janin Witzenhausen, Klaus Gröschel, Mathias Bähr and Jan Liman
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Normally, chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been studied using echo-colour Doppler (ECD). Subjects are examined in the supine and sitting positions, in accordance with a static protocol wi...

    Authors: Massimiliano Farina, Eugenio Novelli and Raffaello Pagani
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Bone marrow-derived endothelial stem cells participate in vascular repairs. Numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) are associated with atherosclerosis. Fibrinogen plays a key role in ather...

    Authors: Zhizhong Liu, Xiurong Ding, Fang Fang, Ruimin Wang, Yan Chen, Yuetao Ma, Guojun Zhang and Xixiong Kang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Initial symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are often subtle and can delay diagnosis. This exploratory analysis was conducted to better characterize the pre-diagnosis pathway undertaken by patients...

    Authors: James R Williams, David Fitzhenry, Lauren Grant, Derek Martyn and Douglas A Kerr
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Axonal damage in large myelinated nerve fibres occurs in about 70% of patients with severe sepsis, known as critical illness polyneuropathy and contributes significantly to an increased short- and long-term mo...

    Authors: Hubertus Axer, Alexander Grimm, Christine Porzelius, Ulrike Teschner, Ulrike Schumacher, Otto W Witte and Frank M Brunkhorst
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:159
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  29. Due to the nature of neurodegenerative disorders, patients with primary progressive aphasia develop cognitive impairment other than aphasia as the disorder progresses. The progression of logopenic variant prim...

    Authors: Michitaka Funayama, Yoshitaka Nakagawa, Yoko Yamaya, Fumihiro Yoshino, Masaru Mimura and Motoichiro Kato
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:158
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. To determine whether or not jugular venous reflux (JVR) is associated with structural brain parenchyma changes in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

    Authors: Clive Beggs, Chih-Ping Chung, Niels Bergsland, Pei-Ning Wang, Simon Shepherd, Chun-Yu Cheng, Michael G Dwyer, Han-Hwa Hu and Robert Zivadinov
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The Stroke burden is increasing in many populations where health institutions may experience more patients. We wanted to examine whether incidence rates and absolute number of hospitalized stroke patients rema...

    Authors: Malene Nøhr Demant, Charlotte Andersson, Ole Ahlehoff, Mette Charlot, Jonas Bjerring Olesen, Anne Gjesing, Peter R Hansen, Gunnar H Gislason, Thomas Truelsen and Christian Torp-Pedersen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Advances in the diagnosis and multi-modality treatment of cancer have increased survival rates for many cancer types leading to an increasing load of long-term sequelae of therapy, including that of cognitive ...

    Authors: Justin Davis, Fiona M Ahlberg, Michael Berk, David M Ashley and Mustafa Khasraw
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:153
    Content type: Review Published on:

  35. The Observational Skills Assessment Score (OSAS) measures amount and quality of use of the affected hand in children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) in bimanual activities and could therefore be a valuable...

    Authors: Lucianne Speth, Yvonne Janssen-Potten, Pieter Leffers, Eugene Rameckers, Anke Defesche, Richard Geers, Rob Smeets and Hans Vles
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. There is no established noninvasive or invasive diagnostic imaging modality at present that can serve as a ‘gold standard’ or “benchmark” for the detection of the venous anomalies, indicative of chronic cerebr...

    Authors: Robert Zivadinov, Yuval Karmon, Kresimir Dolic, Jesper Hagemeier, Karen Marr, Vesela Valnarov, Cheryl L Kennedy, David Hojnacki, Ellen M Carl, L Nelson Hopkins, Elad I Levy, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman and Adnan H Siddiqui
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Data on encephalitis in Thailand have not been completely described. Etiologies remain largely unknown. We prospectively analyzed 103 Thai patients from 27 provinces for the causes of encephalitis using clinic...

    Authors: Abhinbhen Saraya, Aekkapol Mahavihakanont, Shanop Shuangshoti, Nuntaporn Sittidetboripat, Tayard Deesudchit, Michael Callahan, Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, Henry Wilde and Thiravat Hemachudha
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Cardio embolism and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis are two major mechanisms of stroke. Studies investigating associations between advanced echocardiographic parameters and stroke mechanisms are limited.

    Authors: Quratulain Shaikh, Bilal Ahmed, Maryam Ahmed, Jamal Hussain Mahar, Masood Ahmad, Ayesha Ahmed, Farzin Majeed, Fariha Sadiq Ali, Maria Khan and Ayeesha Kamran Kamal
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Besides the defining involvement of upper and lower motor neurons, the involvement of extramotor structures has been increasingly acknowledged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

    Authors: Johannes Thorns, Henk Jansma, Thomas Peschel, Julian Grosskreutz, Bahram Mohammadi, Reinhard Dengler and Thomas F Münte
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a classical tumor-associated, immune-mediated disease typically associated with gynecological malignancies, small-cell lung-cancer or lymphoma.

    Authors: Christian Henke, Johannes Rieger, Sylvia Hartmann, Marcus Middendorp, Helmuth Steinmetz and Ulf Ziemann
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:147
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  41. Glatiramer acetate (GA) and interferon-beta (IFN-β) are disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis that are administered through subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular (IM) injections. Skin reaction...

    Authors: Deepak MW Balak, Gerald JD Hengstman, Enes Hajdarbegovic, Rob JP van den Brule, Raymond MM Hupperts and Hok Bing Thio
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Psychoses such as hallucinations are a frequent non-motor problem in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and serious psychosis requires anti-psychotic medications that worsen Parkinsonism. Although psychosis ...

    Authors: Hideyuki Sawada, Tomoko Oeda, Kenji Yamamoto, Atsushi Umemura, Satoshi Tomita, Ryutaro Hayashi, Masayuki Kohsaka and Takashi Kawamura
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Although muscle weakness is a hallmark of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), the molecular mechanisms that lead to weakness in FSHD remain largely unknown. Recent studies suggest aberrant expressio...

    Authors: Saskia Lassche, Coen AC Ottenheijm, Nicol C Voermans, Henk-Jan Westeneng, Barbara H Janssen, Silvère M van der Maarel, Maria T Hopman, George W Padberg, Ger JM Stienen and Baziel GM van Engelen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:144
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  45. With an increased life expectancy for the general population as well as for those ageing with chronic diseases, there are major challenges to the affected individuals and their families, but also to health car...

    Authors: Maria H Nilsson and Susanne Iwarsson
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:142
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  46. Locomotor training using robots is increasingly being used for rehabilitation to reduce manpower and the heavy burden on therapists, and the effectiveness of such techniques has been investigated. The robot su...

    Authors: Hiroaki Kawamoto, Kiyotaka Kamibayashi, Yoshio Nakata, Kanako Yamawaki, Ryohei Ariyasu, Yoshiyuki Sankai, Masataka Sakane, Kiyoshi Eguchi and Naoyuki Ochiai
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Dysphagia, which can result in aspiration pneumonia and death, is a well-known problem in patients with dementia and Parkinson’s disease. There are few studies on dysphagia in patients with dementia with Lewy ...

    Authors: Elisabet Londos, Oskar Hanxsson, Ingrid Alm Hirsch, Anna Janneskog, Margareta Bülow and Sebastian Palmqvist
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:140
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Several reports have described that individual periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) activities are associated with autonomic nervous system activity occurring shortly before each PLMS activity. Neverthel...

    Authors: Taeko Sasai, Masato Matsuura and Yuichi Inoue
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Adherence to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) results in the reduction of the number and severity of relapses and delays the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients with lower adherence rates experi...

    Authors: Neetu Agashivala, Ning Wu, Safiya Abouzaid, You Wu, Edward Kim, Luke Boulanger and David W Brandes
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Patients with Parkinson’s disease often suffer from reduced mobility due to impaired postural control. Balance exercises form an integral part of rehabilitative therapy but the effectiveness of existing interv...

    Authors: Maarten RC van den Heuvel, Erwin EH van Wegen, Cees JT de Goede, Ingrid AL Burgers-Bots, Peter J Beek, Andreas Daffertshofer and Gert Kwakkel
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2013 13:137
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:
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