Calabrò P, Yeh ET: The pleiotropic effects of statins. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2005, 20 (6): 541-6. 10.1097/01.hco.0000181482.99067.bf.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stead LG, Vaidyanathan L, Kumar G, Bellolio MF, Brown RD, Suravaram S, Enduri S, Gilmore RM, Decker WW: Statins in ischemic stroke: just low-density lipoprotein lowering or more?. J Stroke Cerebrovasc. 2009, 18 (2): 124-127. 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2008.09.016.
Article
Google Scholar
Prinz V, Endres M: Statins and stroke: prevention and beyond. Curr Opin Neurol. 2011, 24 (1): 75-80. 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283424c53.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cimino M, Gelosa P, Gianella A, Nobili E, Tremoli E, Sironi L: Statins: multiple mechanisms of action in the ischemic brain. Neuroscientist. 2007, 13 (3): 208-13. 10.1177/1073858406297121.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A, Goldstein LB, Hennerici M, Rudolph AE, Sillesen H, Simunovic L, Szarek M, Welch KM, Zivin JA, Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Investigators: High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med. 2006, 355 (6): 549-59.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vergouwen MDI, De Haan RJ, Vermeulen M, Roos YB: Statin treatment and the occurrence of hemorrhagic stroke in patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease. Stroke. 2008, 39 (2): 497-502. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.488791.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sacco S, Toni D, Bignamini AA, Zaninelli A, Gensini GF, Carolei A, the SIRIO Study Group: Effect of prior medical treatments on ischemic stroke severity and outcome. Funct Neurol. 2011, 26 (3): 133-9.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Flint AC, Kamel H, Navi BB, Rao VA, Faigeles BS, Conell C, Klingman JG, Sidney S, Hills NK, Sorel M, Cullen SP, Johnston SC: Statin use during ischemic stroke hospitalization is strongly associated with improved poststroke survival. Stroke. 2012, 43 (1): 147-54. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.627729.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Biffi A, Devan WJ, Anderson CD, Cortellini L, Furie KL, Rosand J, Rost NS: Statin treatment and functional outcome after ischemic stroke case–control and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2011, 42 (5): 1314-9. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.605923.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Goldstein LB, Amarenco P, Zivin J, Messig M, Altafullah I, Callahan A, Hennerici M, MacLeod MJ, Sillesen H, Zweifler R, Michael K, Welch A: Statin Treatment and Stroke Outcome in the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Trial. Stroke. 2009, 40 (11): 3526-31. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.557330.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Milionis HJ, Giannopoulos S, Kosmidou M, Panoulas V, Manios E, Kyritsis AP, Elisaf MS, Vemmos K: Statin therapy after first stroke reduces 10-year stroke recurrence and improves survival. Neurology. 2009, 72 (21): 1816-22. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a711cb.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Amarenco P, Labreuche J: Lipid management in the prevention of stroke: review and updated meta analysis of statins for stroke prevention. Lancet Neurol. 2009, 8 (5): 453-63. 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70058-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
O’Regan C, Wu P, Arora P, Perri D, Mills EJ: Statin therapy in stroke prevention: a meta-analysis involving 121 000 patients. Am J Med. 2008, 121 (1): 24-33. 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.06.033.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
SPREAD (Stroke Prevention and Educational Awareness Diffusion) Guidelines. Via Alberto Falck, 15, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni – Milano: Pierrel Research Italy SpA, Version of 14th March 2012. http://www.siapav.it/pdf/SPREAD%202012.pdf, 7
Furie KL, Kasner SE, Adams RJ, Albers GW, Bush RL, Fagan SC, Halperin JL, Johnston SC, Katzan I, Kernan WN, Mitchell PH, Ovbiagele B, Palesch Y, Sacco RL, Schwamm LH, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Turan TN, Wentworth D, on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council: AHA/ASA Guideline - Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011, 42 (1): 227-76. 10.1161/STR.0b013e3181f7d043.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Executive Committee: Guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack 2008. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008, 25 (5): 457-507.
Article
Google Scholar
Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH, Merz CN, Blum CB, Eckel RH, Goldberg AC, Gordon D, Levy D, Lloyd-Jones DM, McBride P, Schwartz JS, Shero ST, Smith SC, Watson K, Wilson PW: 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013, [Epub ahead of print]
Google Scholar
Keaney JF, Curfman GD, Jarcho JA: A pragmatic view of the new cholesterol treatment guidelines. N Engl J Med. 2014, 370 (3): 275-8. 10.1056/NEJMms1314569.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Castilla-Guerra L, Espino-Montoro A, Fernández-Moreno MC, López-Chozas JM, Jimernez MD: Statins and stroke. Current clinical practice. Stroke. 2006, 37 (5): 1153-
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ovbiagele B, Saver JL, Bang H, Chambless LE, Nassief A, Minuk J, Toole JF, Crouse JR: Statin treatment and adherence to national cholesterol guidelines after ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2006, 66 (8): 1164-70. 10.1212/01.wnl.0000208403.18885.0e.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ovbiagele B, Schwamm LH, Smith EE, Hernandez AF, Olson DWM, Pan W, Fonarow GC, Saver JL: Recent nationwide trends in discharge statin treatment of hospitalized patients with stroke. Stroke. 2010, 41 (7): 1508-13. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.573618.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Asberg S, Henriksson KM, Farahmand B, Asplund K, Norrving B, Appelros P, Stegmayr B, Asberg KH, Terént A: Ischemic stroke and secondary prevention in clinical practice: a cohort study of 14,529 patients in the Swedish stroke register. Stroke. 2010, 41 (7): 1338-42. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.580209.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mullard AJ, Reeves MJ, Jacobs BS, Kothari RU, Birbeck GL, Maddox K, Stoeckle-Roberts S, Wehner S, Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry Michigan Prototype Investigators: Lipid testing and lipid-lowering therapy in hospitalized ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack patients: results from a statewide stroke registry. Stroke. 2006, 37 (1): 44-9. 10.1161/01.STR.0000195127.12990.43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Micieli G, Cavallini A, Quaglini S, Fontana G, Duè M: The Lombardia Stroke Unit Registry: 1-year experience of a web-based hospital stroke registry. Neurol Sci. 2010, 31 (5): 555-64. 10.1007/s10072-010-0249-x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, Marsh EE: Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicentre clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993, 24 (1): 35-41. 10.1161/01.STR.24.1.35.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Venables WN, Ripley BD: Modern applied statistics with S. 2002, Fourth Edition: Springer
Book
Google Scholar
Demsar J, Zupan B: Orange: from experimental machine learning to interactive data mining. White Paper (http://www.ailab.si/orange). 2004, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana
Google Scholar
Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman J: The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction. 2009, Springer, Second
Book
Google Scholar
Li X, Gao Y, Li J, Feng F, Liu JM, Zhang HB, Zhang D, Hundei WH, Chen F, Chen YP, Chen ZM, Landray M, Armitage J, Jiang LX, Li LM, HPS2-THRIVE China group: Underuse of statins in patients with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke in China. Chin Med J (Engl). 2012, 125 (10): 1703-7.
Google Scholar
Garjon FJ, Azparren A, Vergara I, Azaola B, Loayssa JR: Adoption of new drugs by physicians: a survival analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012, 12: 56-10.1186/1472-6963-12-56.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chauhan D, Mason A: Factors affecting the uptake of new medicines in secondary care – a literature review. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2008, 33 (4): 339-48. 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00925.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ohlsson H, Merlo J: Is physician adherence to prescription guidelines a general trait of health care practices or dependent on drug type? – A multilevel logistic regression analysis in South Sweden. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009, 18 (8): 682-90. 10.1002/pds.1767.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Di Carlo A, Lamassa M, Baldereschi M, Pracucci G, Basile AM, Wolfe CD, Giroud M, Rudd A, Ghetti A, Inzitari D, European BIOMED Study of Stroke Care Group: Sex differences in the clinical presentation, resource use, and 3-month outcome of acute stroke in Europe: data from a multicenter multinational hospital-based registry. Stroke. 2003, 34 (5): 1114-9. 10.1161/01.STR.0000068410.07397.D7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hjalmarsson C, Bokemark L, Manhem K, Mehlig K, Andersson B: The effect of statins on acute and long-term outcome after ischemic stroke in the elderly. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2012, 10 (5): 313-22. 10.1016/j.amjopharm.2012.09.001.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mauskop A, Borden WB: Predictors of statin adherence. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2011, 13 (6): 553-8. 10.1007/s11886-011-0221-2.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lummis HL, Sketris IS, Gubitz GJ, Joffres MR, Flowerdew GJ: Medication persistence rates and factors associated with persistence in patients following stroke: a cohort study. BMC Neurol. 2008, 8: 25-10.1186/1471-2377-8-25.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Savarese G, Gotto AM, Paolillo S, D'Amore C, Losco T, Musella F, Scala O, Marciano C, Ruggiero D, Marsico F, De Luca G, Trimarco B, Perrone-Filardi P: Benefits of statins in elderly subjects without established cardiovascular disease. a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013, 14: [E-pub ahead of print]
Google Scholar
Nì Chròinìn D, Nì Chròinìn C, Callaly EL, Hannon N, Kelly L, Marnane M, Merwick A, Shhehan O, Hirgan G, Duggan J, Kyne L, Dolan E, Moore A, Williams D, Kelly PJ: Suboptimal lipid management in ischaemic stroke and TIA patients – The North Dublin population stroke study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013, 35 (Suppl 3):
Kablau M, Kreisel SH, Sauer T, Binder J, Szabo K, Hennerici MG, Kern R: Predictors and early outcome of hemorrhagic transformation after acute ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011, 32 (4): 334-41. 10.1159/000331702.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goldstein LB, Amarenco P, Szarek M, Callahan A, Hennerici M, Sillesen H, Zivin JA, Welch KM, SPARCL Investigators: Hemorrhagic stroke in the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels study. Neurology. 2008, 70 (24 Pt 2): 2364-70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
LaRosa JC, Pedersen TR, Somaratne R, Wasserman SM: Safety and effect of very low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on cardiovascular events. Am J Cardiol. 2013, 111 (8): 1221-9. 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.12.052.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vauthey C, de Freitas GR, van Melle G, Devuyst G, Bogousslavsky J: Better outcome after stroke with higher serum cholesterol levels. Neurology. 2000, 54 (10): 1944-9. 10.1212/WNL.54.10.1944.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Iso H, Jacobs DR, Wentworth D, Neaton JD, Cohen JD: Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. N Eng J Med. 1989, 320 (14): 904-10. 10.1056/NEJM198904063201405.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Suzuki K, Izumi M, Sakamoto T, Hayashi M: Blood pressure and total cholesterol level are critical risks especially for hemorrhagic stroke in Akita, Japan. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011, 31 (1): 100-6. 10.1159/000321506.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sillesen H, Amarenco P, Hennerici MG, Callahan A, Goldstein LB, Zivin J, Messig M, Welch KM, Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels Investigators: Atorvastatin reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with carotid atherosclerosis: a secondary analysis of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial. Stroke. 2008, 39 (12): 3297-302. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.516450.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Day JS, Policeni BA, Smoker WR, Dobre MC, Zhang Y, Leira EC, Davis PH, Chen S, Olalde H, Adams HP: Previous statin use is not associated with an increased prevalence or degree of gradient-echo lesions in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2011, 42 (2): 354-8. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.594101.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Haussen DC, Henninger N, Kumar S, Selim M: Statin use and microbleeds in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2012, 43 (10): 2677-81. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.657486.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Furie K: High-dose statins should only be used in atherosclerotic strokes. Stroke. 2012, 43 (7): 1994-5. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.633339.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Àlvarez-Sabìn J, Huertas R, Quintana M, Delgado P, Ribo M, Molina CA, Montaner J: Prior statin use may be associated with improved stroke outcome after tissue plasminogen activator. Stroke. 2007, 38 (3): 1076-8. 10.1161/01.STR.0000258075.58283.8f.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Uyttenboogaart M, Koch MW, Koopman K, Vroomen PC, Luijckx GJ, De Keyser J: Lipid profile, statin use, and outcome after intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol. 2008, 255 (6): 875-80. 10.1007/s00415-008-0797-7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meier N, Nedeltchev K, Brekenfeld C, Galimanis A, Fischer U, Findling O, Remonda L, Schroth G, Mattle HP, Arnold M: Prior statin use, intracranial hemorrhage and outcome after intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2009, 40 (5): 1729-37. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.532473.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Engelter ST, Soinne L, Ringleb P, Sarikaya H, Bordet R, Berrouschot J, Odier C, Arnold M, Ford GA, Pezzini A, Zini A, Rantanen K, Rocco A, Bonati LH, Kellert L, Strbian D, Stoll A, Meier N, Michel P, Baumgartner RW, Leys D, Tatlisumak T, Lyrer PA: IV thrombolysis and statins. Neurology. 2011, 77 (9): 888-95. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822c9135.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cappellari M, Deluca C, Tinazzi M, Tomerelli G, Carletti M, Fiaschi A, Bovi P, Moretto G: Does statin in the acute phase of ischemic stroke improve outcome after intravenous thrombolysis? A retrospective study. J Neurol Sci. 2011, 308 (1–2): 128-34.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cappellari M, Bovi P, Moretto G, Zini A, Nencini P, Sessa M, Furlan M, Pezzini A, Orlandi G, Paciaroni M, Tassinari T, Procaccianti G, Di Lazzaro V, Bettoni L, Gandolfo C, Silvestrelli G, Rasura M, Martini G, Melis M, Calloni MV, Chiodo-Grandi F, Beretta S, Guarino M, Altavista MC, Marcheselli S, Galletti G, Adobbati L, Del Sette M, Mancini A, Orrico D, et al: The THRombolysis and STatins (THRaST) study. Neurology. 2013, 80 (7): 655-61. 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318281cc83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ní Chròinín D, Callaly E, Duggan J, Merwick A, Hannon N, MB , Sheehan O, Marnane M, Horgan G, Williams EB, Harris D, Kyne L, McCormack PM, Moroney J, Grant T, Williams D, Daly L, Kelly PJ: Association Between Acute Statin Therapy, Survival, and Improved Functional Outcome After Ischemic Stroke The North Dublin Population Stroke Study. Stroke. 2011, 42 (4): 1021-9. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.596734.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lakhan SE, Bagchi S, Hofer M: Statins and clinical outcome of acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review. Int Arch Med. 2010, 3: 22-10.1186/1755-7682-3-22.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hackam D, Woodward M, Newby K, Bhatt D, Shao M, Smith EE, Donner A, Mamdani M, Douketis JD, Arima H, Chalmers J, MacMahon S, Tirschwell DL, Psaty BM, Bushnell CD, Aguilar MI, Capampangan DJ, Werring DJ, De Rango P, Viswanathan A, Danchin N, Cheng CL, Yang YH, Verdel BM, Lai MS, Kennedy J, Uchiyama S, Yamaguchi T, Ikeda Y, Mrkobrada M: Statins and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Collaborative Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Circulation. 2011, 124 (20): 2233-42. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.055269.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Montaner J, Chacòn , Krupinski J, Rubio F, Millàn M, Molina CA, Hereu P, Quintana M, Alvarez-Sabín J: Simvastatin in acute phase of ischemic stroke: a safety and efficacy pilot trial. Eur J Neurol. 2008, 15 (1): 82-90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
D’Amelio M, Terruso V, Famoso G, Ragonese P, Aridon P, Savettieri G: Cholesterol levels and risk of hemorrhagic transformation after acute ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011, 32 (3): 234-8. 10.1159/000329315.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Selim MH, Molina CA: High-dose statin for every stroke. The good, the bad, and the unknown. Stroke. 2012 Jul, 43 (7): 1996-7. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.648832.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Adams RJ, Albers G, Alberts MJ, Benavente O, Furie K, Goldstein LB, Gorelick P, Halperin J, Harbaugh R, Johnston SC, Katzan I, Kelly-Hayes M, Kenton EJ, Marks M, Sacco RL, Schwamm LH, American Heart Association: Update to the AHA/ASA recommendations for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2008, 39 (5): 1647-52. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.189063.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Adams HP, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ, Bhatt DL, Brass L, Furlan A, Grubb RL, Higashida RT, Jauch EC, Kidwell C, Lyden PD, Morgenstern LB, Qureshi AI, Rosenwasser RH, Scott PA, Wijdicks EF, American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke. Circulation. 2007, 115 (20): e478-534. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.181486.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar