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  1. Activated Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties and adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations may be important for neurocognitive function and protection against neurologic injury. We examined...

    Authors: Oluwaseun E. Fashanu, Di Zhao, Andrea L. C. Schneider, Andreea M. Rawlings, A. Richey Sharrett, Pamela L. Lutsey, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Alden L. Gross, Eliseo Guallar, Alvaro Alonso, Thomas H. Mosley and Erin D. Michos

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:244

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Nocardiosis is a rare and life-threatening opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Myasthenia gravis (MG) patients are potentially at risk of nocardia infection because of the use of immunosuppr...

    Authors: Shuhui Wang, Bin Jiang, Yao Li, Yanchang Shang, Zhengshan Liu and Yongbo Zhang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:243

    Content type: Case report

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  3. Patients with functional motor disorder (FMD) experience persistent and disabling neurological symptoms such as weakness, tremor, dystonia and disordered gait. Physiotherapy is usually considered an important ...

    Authors: Glenn Nielsen, Jon Stone, Marta Buszewicz, Alan Carson, Laura H. Goldstein, Kate Holt, Rachael Hunter, Jonathan Marsden, Louise Marston, Hayley Noble, Markus Reuber and Mark J. Edwards

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:242

    Content type: Study protocol

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  4. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal degenerative disease of a rapid course. In 25% of ALS sufferers, speech disorders occur as prodromal symptoms of the disease. Impaired communication affects physi...

    Authors: Wioletta Pawlukowska, Bartłomiej Baumert, Monika Gołąb-Janowska, Agnieszka Meller, Karolina Machowska-Sempruch, Agnieszka Wełnicka, Edyta Paczkowska, Iwona Rotter, Bogusław Machaliński and Przemysław Nowacki

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:241

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of cerebral infarction, which could lead to endothelial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL).AF is assoc...

    Authors: Lanying He, Ronghua Xu, Jian Wang, Lili Zhang, Lijuan Zhang, Wang Zhao and Weiwei Dong

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:240

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Medication Overuse Headache (MOH) is a prevalent and disabling disorder resulting from the overuse of analgesic drugs, triptans or other acute headache medications. In previous proteomic studies, several prote...

    Authors: Lanfranco Pellesi, Elisa Bellei, Simona Guerzoni, Maria Michela Cainazzo, Carlo Baraldi, Emanuela Monari and Luigi Alberto Pini

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:239

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Previously there have been found higher circulating malondialdehyde levels during the first week of ischemic stroke in patients with worst neurological functional outcome, and at moment of ischemic stroke in n...

    Authors: Leonardo Lorente, María M. Martín, Pedro Abreu-González, Rafael Sabatel, Luis Ramos, Mónica Argueso, Jordi Solé-Violán, Juan J. Cáceres, Alejandro Jiménez and Victor García-Marín

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:238

    Content type: Research article

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  8. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key structure of the pain processing network. Several structural and functional alterations of this brain area have been found in migraine. In addition, altered seroton...

    Authors: Andrea Edit Edes, Shane McKie, Edina Szabo, Gyongyi Kokonyei, Dorottya Pap, Terezia Zsombok, Mate Magyar, Eva Csepany, Gabor Hullam, Adam Gyorgy Szabo, Lajos Rudolf Kozak, Gyorgy Bagdy and Gabriella Juhasz

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:237

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Brain ischemia activates the parasympathetic cholinergic pathway in animal models of human disease. However, it remains unknown whether activation of the cholinergic pathway impacts immune defenses and disease...

    Authors: Meng Yuan, Bin Han, Yiping Xia, Ye Liu, Chunyang Wang and Chao Zhang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:236

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is characterized by pathological iron accumulation in the subcortical nuclei and the cortex. As age-related iron accumulation studies in these structures a...

    Authors: Marlous C. M. van der Weijden, Peter Jan van Laar, Roald A. Lambrechts, Dineke S. Verbeek and Marina A. J. Tijssen

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:233

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Radiation therapy can cause cerebral arteriopahty, resulting in ischemic stroke. We document late-delayed cerebral arteriopathy by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) in a middle aged man who h...

    Authors: Huan Chen, Xiuhua Li, Xiaoyu Zhang, Wenjuan Xu, Fei Mao, Mengxin Bao and Meijia Zhu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:232

    Content type: Case report

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  14. Clinical and imaging follow-up coupled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and possibly serum profiling could provide information on disease activity and disability evolution in multiple sclerosis patients.

    Authors: R. Magliozzi, D. Marastoni, S. Rossi, M. Castellaro, V. Mazziotti, M. Pitteri, A. Gajofatto, S. Monaco, M. D. Benedetti and M. Calabrese

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:231

    Content type: Case report

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  15. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe and most common autoimmune encephalitis in patients under 40 years old. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis has various clinical and neuroimaging finding...

    Authors: Yun Jiang, Jianpeng Ma, Tao Gong, Hongjun Hao and Haibo Chen

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:230

    Content type: Case report

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  16. Increased high sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels have been found in many earlier studies on migraine, and recently also in persons with migraine and insomnia. The aim of this study was to see whe...

    Authors: Knut Hagen, Lars Jacob Stovner, Kristian Bernhard Nilsen, Espen Saxhaug Kristoffersen and Bendik Slagsvold Winsvold

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:229

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Endovascular treatment (EVT) is advocated for acute ischaemic stroke with large-vessel occlusion (LVO), but perioperative periods are challenging. This study investigated the relationship between post-EVT shor...

    Authors: Tianli Zhang, Xiaolong Wang, Chao Wen, Feng Zhou, Shengwei Gao, Xiaodong Zhang, Shiqin Lin, Jing Shi and Weirong Li

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:228

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Adrenoleukodystrophy is a rare neurogenetic disease, AMN is the most common adult phenotype, such patients in China have not gotten enough attention. This article aims to study the features of AMN in Chinese p...

    Authors: Jie Li, Hongfen Wang, Zizi He, Xiangqing Wang, Jing Tang and Dehui Huang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:227

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Due to improvements in both the quality and availability of intracranial imaging as well as the evolution of surgical and endovascular techniques during the last decade, the number of treatments of unruptured ...

    Authors: Christin Campe, Jens Neumann, I. Erol Sandalcioglu, Ali Rashidi and Michael Luchtmann

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:226

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  20. Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in Table 2 wherein the item numbering in the first column is wrong.

    Authors: Erika Shirley Moreira da Silva, Gabriela Lopes Santos, Aparecida Maria Catai, Alexandra Borstad, Natália Pereira Duarte Furtado, Isabela Arruda Verzola Aniceto and Thiago Luiz Russo

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:225

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Neurology 2019 19:196

  21. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a dominantly-inherited progressive muscular dystrophy caused by de-repression of the DUX4 gene, which causes disease by a toxic-gain-of-function. As molecularly ta...

    Authors: Samantha LoRusso, Nicholas E. Johnson, Michael P. McDermott, Katy Eichinger, Russell J. Butterfield, Elena Carraro, Kiley Higgs, Leann Lewis, Karlien Mul, Sabrina Sacconi, Valeria A. Sansone, Perry Shieh, Baziel van Engelen, Kathryn Wagner, Leo Wang, Jeffrey M. Statland…

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:224

    Content type: Study protocol

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  22. Hip fracture represents a substantial acute inflammatory trauma, which may constitute a significant insult to the degenerating brain. Research suggests that an injury of this kind can affect memory and thinkin...

    Authors: Nick Leavey, Simon P. Hammond, Lee Shepstone, Jane Cross, Henrik Zetterberg, Colm Cunningham, Alasdair MacLullich, Leiv Otto Watne, Anne Marie Minihane, Clive Ballard, Anne-Brita Knapskog, Roanna Hall, Gregory Howard, Matt Hammond and Chris Fox

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:223

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  23. Treatment of spasticity poses a major challenge in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient management. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC):cannabidiol (CBD) oromucosal spray (THC:CBD), approved for the trea...

    Authors: Thomas Meyer, Andreas Funke, Christoph Münch, Dagmar Kettemann, André Maier, Bertram Walter, Annett Thomas and Susanne Spittel

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:222

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Self-rated health (SRH) allows for comparison and identification of the health status of various populations. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to expand the understand...

    Authors: Érika de Freitas Araújo, Ramon Távora Viana, Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela, Lidiane Andrea Oliveira Lima and Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:221

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Stroke patients are often affected by long-term disabilities with needs concerning social issues. There is relatively little consideration of social recovery of patients and the support required to return to w...

    Authors: Sophie Lehnerer, Benjamin Hotter, Inken Padberg, Petra Knispel, Dike Remstedt, Andrea Liebenau, Ulrike Grittner, Ian Wellwood and Andreas Meisel

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:220

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Amongst the most challenging diagnostic dilemmas managing patients with vestibular symptoms (i.e. vertigo, nausea, imbalance) is differentiating dangerous central vestibular disorders from benign causes. Migra...

    Authors: Tzu-Pu Chang, Ariel A. Winnick, Yung-Chu Hsu, Pi-Yu Sung and Michael C. Schubert

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:219

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a type of neurosurgery used to treat trigeminal neuralgia (TN) caused by the vertebrobasilar contact/compression. The surgery is not risk-free, however; it may cause recurr...

    Authors: Xuhui Wang, Hong Wang, Sha Chen, Hong Liang, Hao Wang, Minhui Xu and Lunshan Xu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:217

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Sciatica is a condition that is characterised by radicular pain in the leg and primarily caused by a herniated lumbar intervertebral disk. In addition to leg pain, patients can experience back pain, leg numbne...

    Authors: Eduard Verheijen, Alexander G. Munts, Oscar van Haagen, Dirk de Vries, Olaf Dekkers, Wilbert van den Hout and Carmen Vleggeert-Lankamp

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:216

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  30. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is one of the most frequent types of autoimmune encephalitis. However, the instigating mechanisms are as yet not fully ascertained. Cardinal clinical man...

    Authors: Huafang Jia, Xiaoli Xie, Faying Qi, Long Wang, Lijuan Wang and Fengyuan Che

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:215

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  31. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare neurological disorder usually associated with specific medical conditions that cause a disturbance of the CNS homeostasis. It has seldom been repor...

    Authors: Brent G. Oxford, Nicolas K. Khattar, Shawn W. Adams, Alexandra S. Schaber and Brian J. Williams

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:214

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  32. The global burden of stroke epidemiology is changing rapidly. Over the 1990–2013 periods, there was a significant increase in the absolute number of deaths and incident events of stroke. The burden of stroke v...

    Authors: Ginenus Fekadu, Legese Chelkeba and Ayantu Kebede

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:213

    Content type: Research article

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  34. THK5351 and flortaucipir tau ligands have high affinity for paired helical filament tau, yet diverse off-target bindings have been reported. Recent data support the hypothesis that THK5351 binds to monoamine o...

    Authors: Hee Jin Kim, Hanna Cho, Seongbeom Park, Hyemin Jang, Young Hoon Ryu, Jae Yong Choi, Seung Hwan Moon, Seung Jun Oh, Minyoung Oh, Duk L. Na, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Eun-Joo Kim, William W. Seeley, Jae Seung Kim, Kyung Chan Choi and Sang Won Seo

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:211

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  35. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis, which is the most common type of autoimmune encephalitis, is caused by the production of autoantibodies against NMDA receptor. Anti-NMDAR encephali...

    Authors: Jie Lu, Ji-hong Zhang, Ai-liang Miao, Jun-xiong Yin, Dong-lin Zhu, Xing-jian Lin, Dao-wen Chen and Jing-ping Shi

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:210

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  36. The Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) is a self-reported measure of the effect of treatment workload on patient wellbeing. We sought to validate the TBQ in Spanish and use it to estimate the burden of treat...

    Authors: María Célica Ysrraelit, Marcela Paula Fiol, Fernando Vazquez Peña, Sandra Vanotti, Sergio Adrián Terrasa, Viet-Thi Tran, Victor M. Montori and Jorge Correale

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:209

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Cytokines in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (CFS/ME/SEID) patients compared with healthy controls have been extensively studied. However, the evidence ...

    Authors: Matthew Corbitt, Natalie Eaton-Fitch, Donald Staines, Hélène Cabanas and Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:207

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is very common among the older people, but has no approved treatment. Preclinical trials show that remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) reduces recurrence of ischemi...

    Authors: Zhangyuan Liao, Yali Bu, Meijie Li, Ranran Han, Nan Zhang, Junwei Hao and Wei Jiang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:206

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. Non motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are common and can be more disabling than motor symptoms. Sleep disorders can be seen in up to 98% of patients with Parkinson disease. Poor sleep quality ha...

    Authors: Dereje Melka, Abenet Tafesse, James H. Bower and Demeke Assefa

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:205

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. Vanishing white matter disease (VWMD) is one of the most prevalent inherited leukoencephalopathies, which generally presents in childhood as a progressive disorder while less beginning in adulthood. The presen...

    Authors: Cuibai Wei, Qi Qin, Fei Chen, Aihong Zhou, Fen Wang, Xiumei Zuo, Rong Chen, Jihui Lyu and Jianping Jia

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:203

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  43. Rates of thrombolysis in most countries are well below best practice benchmarks. We aimed to investigate thrombolysis utilization and its associated factors in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients in Hubei pro...

    Authors: Yanfeng Zhou, Shijiao Yan, Xingyue Song, Yanhong Gong, Wenzhen Li, Mengdie Wang, Xiaoxv Yin, Bo Hu and Zuxun Lu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:202

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Primary central nervous system (CNS) small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), as a type of low-grade lymphoma, is extremely rare. The diagnosis of CNS SLL is challenging due to its variable clinical and radiological ...

    Authors: Rongjing Guo, Xiaolong Zhang, Chunxiao Niu, Yibin Xi, Hong Yin, Hong Lin and Ting Chang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:200

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  46. Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported errors in reference citations found in Table 1.

    Authors: Carolin Siegert, Björn Hauptmann, Nicole Jochems, Andreas Schrader and Ruth Deck

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:199

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Neurology 2019 19:143

  47. Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of muscle disorders. Mutations in the filamin C gene (FLNC) have previously been identified in patients with MFM. The phenotypes of FLNC-relate...

    Authors: Juanjuan Chen, Jun Wu, Chunxi Han, Yao Li, Yuzu Guo and Xiaoxin Tong

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:198

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  48. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) using stent retriever assisted vacuum-locked extraction (SAVE) is a promising method for anterior circulation strokes. We present our experience with SAVE for large vessel occlusio...

    Authors: Volker Maus, Hanna Styczen, Jan Liman, Ilko Maier, Alex Brehm, Ioannis Tsogkas and Marios-Nikos Psychogios

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:197

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Recovery of upper limb function in individuals after a stroke remains challenging. Modified constraint-induced movement therapy (m-CIMT) has strong evidence for increasing the use and recovery of sensorimotor ...

    Authors: Erika Shirley Moreira da Silva, Gabriela Lopes Santos, Aparecida Maria Catai, Alexandra Borstad, Natália Pereira Duarte Furtado, Isabela Arruda Verzola Aniceto and Thiago Luiz Russo

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:196

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Neurology 2019 19:225

  50. Previous studies have shown that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment or dementia in the elderly, leading to deleterious health effects and decreasing quality ...

    Authors: Talha Mubashir, Lusine Abrahamyan, Ayan Niazi, Deween Piyasena, Abdul A. Arif, Jean Wong, Ricardo S. Osorio, Clodagh M. Ryan and Frances Chung

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:195

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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