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  1. During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, different neurological manifestations have been observed. However, only a few cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and COVID-19 have been reported. Th...

    Authors: Nuvia Mackenzie, Eva Lopez-Coronel, Alberto Dau, Dieb Maloof, Salvador Mattar, Jesus Tapia Garcia, Briyis Fontecha, Cristina M. Lanata and Hernan Felipe Guillen-Burgos

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:135

    Content type: Case report

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  2. Extreme delta brush (EDB) is considered a potential marker for anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. The brain regions involved in EDB are unclear.

    Authors: Ailiang Miao, Yongwei Shi, Jing Xiang, Xiaoshan Wang, Jianqing Ge, Qiqi Chen, Yuanwen Yu, Chuanyong Yu and Di Wu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:134

    Content type: Case report

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  3. Prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC) are amongst the severest sequelae of acquired brain injury. Evidence regarding epidemiology and rehabilitation outcomes is scarce. These knowledge gaps and psycholog...

    Authors: Manju Sharma-Virk, Willemijn S. van Erp, Jan C. M. Lavrijsen and Raymond T. C. M. Koopmans

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:133

    Content type: Study protocol

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  4. Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide and the cardiovascular fitness levels of stroke survivors are diminished to an extent that impairs functioning and activities of daily living performance. Whil...

    Authors: Hanna Reynolds, Sarah Steinfort, Jane Tillyard, Sarah Ellis, Alan Hayes, Erik D. Hanson, Tissa Wijeratne and Elizabeth H. Skinner

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:132

    Content type: Research article

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  5. The computed tomography angiography (CTA) spot sign is a validated predictor of hematoma expansion and 30-day mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, whether the spot sign predicts worse function...

    Authors: Wen-Che Tseng, Yu-Fen Wang, Tyng-Guey Wang and Ming-Yen Hsiao

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:131

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis (BBE) and Fisher syndrome (FS) are immune-mediated diseases associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies, specifically the anti-GQ1b IgG antibody. These two diseases potenti...

    Authors: Hirokazu Natsui, Makoto Takahashi, Kentaro Nanatsue, Sakiko Itaya, Keisuke Abe, Akira Inaba and Satoshi Orimo

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:130

    Content type: Case report

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  8. Although increasing evidence showed the correlations between white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and cognitive impairment, the relationship between them is still modest. Many researchers began to focus on the...

    Authors: Zhi-gang Min, Hai-rong Shan, Long Xu, Dai-hai Yuan, Xue-xia Sheng, Wen-chao Xie, Ming Zhang, Chen Niu, Tahir Mehmood Shakir and Zhi-hong Cao

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:128

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal perioperative care bundle aimed at the early recovery of patients. Well accepted in gastric and pelvic surgeries, there is minimal evidence in neurosurger...

    Authors: Anirudh Elayat, Sritam S. Jena, Sukdev Nayak, R. N. Sahu and Swagata Tripathy

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:127

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Eptinezumab, an anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody recently approved in the United States for preventive treatment of migraine in adults, was found to be well tolerated in double-blind, p...

    Authors: David Kudrow, Roger K. Cady, Brent Allan, Susan M. Pederson, Joe Hirman, Lahar R. Mehta and Barbara A. Schaeffler

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:126

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Lower urinary tract symptoms are one of the most common groups of non-movement symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Storage symptoms are well-acknowledged, but neurogenic voiding dysfunction cau...

    Authors: Tianying Xing, Jinghong Ma and Tongwen Ou

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:125

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Chronic kidney disease has been identified as a risk factor affecting stroke prognosis. High-grade carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is associated with distal hemodynamic compromise. The association between the es...

    Authors: Chung-Hao Chao, Chia-Lun Wu and Wen-Yi Huang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:124

    Content type: Research article

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  14. To investigate the relationship between the position of bilateral STN-DBS location of active contacts and the clinical efficacy of STN-DBS on motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.

    Authors: Feng Zhang, Feng Wang, Weiguo Li, Ning Wang, Chunlei Han, Shiying Fan, Peng Li, Lifeng Xu, Jianguo Zhang and Fangang Meng

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:122

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Apathy in patients with epilepsy is associated with a wide range of consequences that reduce the patient’s ability to perform social functions and participate in self-care and rehabilitation programs. Therefor...

    Authors: Abbas Shamsalinia, Mozhgan Moradi, Reza Ebrahimi Rad, Reza Ghadimi, Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani, Reza Masoudi, Leili Rabiei and Fatemeh Ghaffari

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:121

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Intracranial venous hypertension has been associated with a few cases of meningioma secondary to compression of the venous sinus. This is the rare case of small meningioma involving the sigmoid sinus leading t...

    Authors: Koichiro Sumi, Naoki Otani, Fumi Mori, Shun Yamamuro, Hideki Oshima and Atsuo Yoshino

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:119

    Content type: Case report

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  18. Echocardiography is one of the main diagnostic tools for the diagnostic workup of stroke and is already well integrated into the clinical workup. However, the value of transthoracic vs. transesophageal echocar...

    Authors: Marlena Schnieder, Mohammed Chebbok, Michael Didié, Frieder Wolf, Mostafa Badr, Ibrahim Allam, Mathias Bähr, Gerd Hasenfuß, Jan Liman and Marco Robin Schroeter

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:118

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Economic performance may affect public health parameters. This study aimed to determine the time trend of incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and its association with income, presented by GDP (gros...

    Authors: Wei-Chih Lien, Wei-Ming Wang, Jung-Der Wang and Fuhmei Wang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:117

    Content type: Research article

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  20. The reports of neurological symptoms are increasing in cases with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This multi-center prospective study was conducted to determine the incidence of neurological manifestation...

    Authors: Man Amanat, Nima Rezaei, Mehrdad Roozbeh, Maziar Shojaei, Abbas Tafakhori, Anahita Zoghi, Ilad Alavi Darazam, Mona Salehi, Ehsan Karimialavijeh, Behnam Safarpour Lima, Amir Garakani, Alexander Vaccaro and Mahtab Ramezani

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:116

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Persons with MS (PwMS) often display symptoms of depression and fatigue. Mindfulness-based interventions are known to counteract these symptoms. However, to-date the exact relations between trait mindfulness, ...

    Authors: Torsten Sauder, Philipp M. Keune, Roy Müller, Thomas Schenk, Patrick Oschmann and Sascha Hansen

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:115

    Content type: Research article

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  22. The effect of hypothermia on large hemispheric infarction (LHI) remains controversial. Our study aimed to explore the therapeutic outcomes of decompressive craniectomy (DC) combined with hypothermia on LHI.

    Authors: Linlin Fan, Yingying Su, Yan Zhang, Hong Ye, Weibi Chen and Gang Liu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:114

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Removal of large hypervascular tumors in the lateral ventricle still poses a surgical challenge. These tumors are usually fed from choroidal arteries, and vascular control is typically performed late during th...

    Authors: Yukihiro Yamao, Kazumichi Yoshida, Akira Ishii, Masahiro Tanji, Masakazu Okawa, Yohei Mineharu, Takayuki Kikuchi, Yoshiki Arakawa, Hiroharu Kataoka, Yasushi Takagi and Susumu Miyamoto

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:113

    Content type: Research article

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  24. The retinal and cerebral microvasculature share similar embryological origins and physiological characteristics. Improved imaging technologies provide opportunistic non-invasive assessment of retinal microvasc...

    Authors: R. A. O’Neill, A. P. Maxwell, E. N. Paterson, F. Kee, I. Young, R. E. Hogg, S. Cruise, S. Murphy, B. McGuinness and G. J. McKay

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:112

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Global aphasia without hemiparesis (GAWH) is a rare stroke syndrome characterized by the dissociation of motor and language functions. Here, we present a case of GAWH with the patient later regaining speech fl...

    Authors: Ya-Chi Chuang, Chuan-Ching Liu, I-Ching Yu, Yu-Lin Tsai and Shin-Tsu Chang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:111

    Content type: Case report

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  26. Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is an inflammatory disorder with unclear causes. Paraneoplastic etiology may be a cause. We report a cas...

    Authors: Yilun Deng, Bi Zhao, Bing Wei, Shihong Zhang and Ming Liu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:110

    Content type: Case report

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  27. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), a group of autoimmune neurological diseases, involve the optic nerve, spinal cord, and brain. Meningitis is rarely reported as the primary clinical manifestatio...

    Authors: Chenyang Zhang, Kang Zhang, Bing Chen, Jiao Yin, Miaomiao Dong, Yixin Qin and Xiao Yang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:109

    Content type: Case report

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  28. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ANGPTL4 gene and the SNP–SNP interactions on atherosclerotic ischemic stroke (IS) risk.

    Authors: Chaoxiong Shen, Daofeng Fan, Huajun Fu, Chong Zheng, Yinjuan Chen and Zhizhou Hu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:108

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is usually a benign, yet underdiagnosed clinical condition associated with subacute to acute neurological manifestations primarily affecting white matter. PR...

    Authors: Abbas Alshami, Asseel Al-Bayati, Steven Douedi, Mohammad A. Hossain, Swapnil Patel and Arif Asif

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:107

    Content type: Research article

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  30. To explore the correlation between the volume of putamen and brain cognitive impairment in patients with HIV and to predict the feasibility of early-stage HIV brain cognitive impairment through radiomics.

    Authors: Yu Qi, Man Xu, Wei Wang, Yuan-Yuan Wang, Jiao-Jiao Liu, Hai-Xia Ren, Ming-Ming Liu, Rui-Li Li and Hong-Jun Li

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:106

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Collagen VI-related dystrophies are a subtype of congenital muscular dystrophy caused by pathogenic variants in COL6A1, COL6A2 or COL6A3 genes affecting skeletal muscles and connective tissue. The clinical phenot...

    Authors: Nirmala Dushyanthi Sirisena, U. M. Jayami Eshana Samaranayake, Osorio Lopes Abath Neto, A. Reghan Foley, B. A. P. Sajeewani Pathirana, Nilaksha Neththikumara, C. Sampath Paththinige, Pyara Rathnayake, Sandra Donkervoort, Carsten G. Bönnemann and Vajira H. W. Dissanayake

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:105

    Content type: Case report

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  32. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug used in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Safety and efficacy of clopidogrel has been confirmed in CAPRIE, PRoFESS trials. However, these studies focused on patients aged le...

    Authors: Changqing Li, Weihua Jia, Jian Li, Fangfei Li, Jing Ma and Lichun Zhou

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:104

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Polish physicians and researchers lack an extensive and precise instrument in their native language for evaluating sexual dysfunction in individuals with neurogenic disorders. The aim of this study was to crea...

    Authors: Mikolaj Przydacz, Tomasz Golabek, Przemyslaw Dudek and Piotr Chlosta

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:103

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Although the association between periventricular target collateral anastomosis and recurrent ipsilateral hemorrhage has been evaluated in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), no studies have investigate...

    Authors: Jian Wang, Qingrong Zhang, Xia Lu, Qun Liang, Yi Wang, Yichao Zhu, Shijie Na, Fang Liu, Liming Tang and Yongbo Yang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:102

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Pain is prevalent in myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1). This study investigated whether CTG repeat size, disease duration, BMI and motor and psychological function were related to pain in adult patients with DM1, and...

    Authors: Gro Solbakken, Sissel Løseth, Anne Froholdt, Torunn D. Eikeland, Terje Nærland, Jan C. Frich, Espen Dietrichs and Kristin Ørstavik

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:101

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Stroke survivors are known to have poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than the general population, but less is known about characteristics associated with HRQoL decreasing through time following a s...

    Authors: Idunn Snorresdatter Wæhler, Ingvild Saltvedt, Stian Lydersen, Brynjar Fure, Torunn Askim, Marte Stine Einstad and Pernille Thingstad

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:100

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Anticoagulant assumption is a concern in neurosurgical patient that implies a delicate balance between the risk of thromboembolism versus the risk of peri- and postoperative hemorrhage.

    Authors: Alessandro Prior, Pietro Fiaschi, Corrado Iaccarino, Roberto Stefini, Denise Battaglini, Alberto Balestrino, Pasquale Anania, Enrico Prior and Gianluigi Zona

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:98

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Due to large genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, the conventional workup for Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) diagnosis is often underpowered, leading to diagnostic delay or even lack of diagnosis. In the present s...

    Authors: Hui Jiang, Chunmiao Guo, Jie Xie, Jingxin Pan, Ying Huang, Miaoxin Li and Yibin Guo

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:96

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  41. Screening for cognitive impairment (CI) is often hampered by lack of consensus as to which screening instrument to use. The aim is to assess the consistence and applicability of different CI screening tools.

    Authors: Lixia Lu, Lin Chen, Weiwen Wu, Yang Wang, Zhenbao Liu, Jun Xu, Qianhong Yang, Jun Zhao, Liangxian Liu and Hui Yu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:95

    Content type: Research article

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  42. To report our experience with a group of patients referred for refractory CIDP who fulfilled “definite” electrodiagnostic EFNS criteria for CIDP but were found to have an alternate diagnosis.

    Authors: Orly Moshe-Lilie, Erik Ensrud, Thomas Ragole, Chahin Nizar, Diana Dimitrova and Chafic Karam

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:94

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a treatable lipid metabolism disorder that presents as myopathy and episodic metabolic crisis. The metabolic crisis is typically associated with prolonged f...

    Authors: Po-Yu Lin, Wen-Chen Liang, Wei-An Liao and Yuan-Ting Sun

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:93

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  44. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with anterior circulation emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) beyond 6 h from symptom onset in a real-world cohort of p...

    Authors: Qing Huang, Mengmeng Gu, Junshan Zhou, Teng Jiang, Hongchao Shi, Xiangliang Chen and Yingdong Zhang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:92

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Sex hormones may be associated with a higher incidence of ischemic stroke or stroke-related events. In observational studies, lower testosterone concentrations are associated with infirmity, vascular disease, ...

    Authors: Jung-Won Choi, In Woo Ryoo, Jun Yeong Hong, Kyung-Yul Lee, Hyo Suk Nam, Won Chan Kim, Seung-Hun Oh, Jaeku Kang, Hoi Young Lee, Sang-Jun Na, Ji Hoe Heo and Kee Ook Lee

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:91

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. The primary symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS) are sleep onset insomnia and difficulty to maintain sleep. Previous studies have shown that regular physical activity can reduce the risk of developing RLS....

    Authors: A. K. Reimers, V. Heidenreich, H-J Bittermann, G. Knapp and C. D. Reimers

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:90

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Neurocognitive disorder (NCD) is common in stroke survivors. We aimed to identify clinically accessible imaging markers of stroke and chronic pathology that are associated with early post-stroke NCD.

    Authors: Till Schellhorn, Eva Birgitte Aamodt, Stian Lydersen, Stina Aam, Torgeir Bruun Wyller, Ingvild Saltvedt and Mona Kristiansen Beyer

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:89

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Anti-GABABR encephalitis is a rare type of autoimmune encephalitis, which often presents with memory impairments, behavioral changes and seizures. This case series describes the neuropsychological function recove...

    Authors: Caihong Ji, Dengchang Wu, Zhongqin Chen and Kang Wang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:87

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  50. Facial (lip and jaw) tremor (FT) is associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) but few studies have been conducted to explore its clinical profile. We performed this study to investigate the prevalence and clini...

    Authors: Ruwei Ou, Qianqian Wei, Yanbing Hou, Lingyu Zhang, Kuncheng Liu, Junyu Lin, Zheng Jiang, Bi Zhao, Bei Cao and Huifang Shang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:86

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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