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  1. Acute encephalopathy includes rapid deterioration and has a poor prognosis. Early intervention is essential to prevent progression of the disease and subsequent neurologic complications. However, in the acute ...

    Authors: Takeshi Asano, Shinya Koizumi, Atsushi Takagi, Takayuki Hatori, Kentaroh Kuwabara, Osamu Fujino and Yoshitaka Fukunaga
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. A recent trial involving predominantly Caucasian subjects with Parkinson Disease (PD) showed switching overnight from an oral dopaminergic agonist to the rotigotine patch was well tolerated without loss of eff...

    Authors: Han-Joon Kim, Beom S Jeon, Won Yong Lee, Myoung Chong Lee, Jae Woo Kim, Jong-Min Kim, Tae-Beom Ahn, Jinwhan Cho, Sun Ju Chung, Frank Grieger, John Whitesides and Babak Boroojerdi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:100
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Dementia is a major and increasing health problem worldwide. This study aims to investigate dementia treatment strategies among physicians specialised in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by analysi...

    Authors: Elke Jeschke, Thomas Ostermann, Horst C Vollmar, Manuela Tabali, Friedemann Schad and Harald Matthes
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:99
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Levels of the cardiac muscle regulatory protein troponin T (cTnT) are frequently elevated in patients with acute ischemic stroke and elevated cTnT predicts poor outcome and mortality. The pathomechanism of tro...

    Authors: Jan F Scheitz, Hans-Christian Mochmann, Christian H Nolte, Karl G Haeusler, Heinrich J Audebert, Peter U Heuschmann, Ulrich Laufs, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss and Matthias Endres
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:98
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  5. Long-term immunosuppression is often required in myasthenia gravis (MG). There are no published trials using methotrexate (MTX) in MG. The steroid-sparing efficacy of azathioprine (AZA) has been demonstrated a...

    Authors: Jeannine M Heckmann, Amanullah Rawoot, Kathleen Bateman, Rudi Renison and Motasim Badri
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Infection with severe malaria in African children is associated with not only a high mortality but also a high risk of cognitive deficits. There is evidence that interventions done a few years after the illnes...

    Authors: Paul Bangirana, Peter Allebeck, Michael J Boivin, Chandy C John, Connie Page, Anna Ehnvall and Seggane Musisi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a decreased frequency of CD8+ T cells reactive to their own Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infected B cells. We have proposed that this might predispose to the development of ...

    Authors: Michael P Pender, Peter A Csurhes, Casey MM Pfluger and Scott R Burrows
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Many migraineurs who seek care in headache clinics are refractory to treatment, despite advances in headache therapies. Epidemiology is poorly characterized, because diagnostic criteria for refractory migraine...

    Authors: Pablo Irimia, Jose-Alberto Palma, Roberto Fernandez-Torron and Eduardo Martinez-Vila
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Although physical therapy and falls prevention education are argued to reduce falls and disability in people with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, this has not yet been confirmed with a large scale randomised c...

    Authors: Meg E Morris, Hylton B Menz, Jennifer L McGinley, Frances E Huxham, Anna T Murphy, Robert Iansek, Mary Danoudis, Sze-Ee Soh, David Kelly and Jennifer J Watts
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:93
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  10. To assess and compare the effectiveness and costs of Phototest, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Memory Impairment Screen (MIS) to screen for dementia (DEM) and cognitive impairment (CI).

    Authors: Cristobal Carnero-Pardo, Beatriz Espejo-Martinez, Samuel Lopez-Alcalde, Maria Espinosa-Garcia, Carmen Saez-Zea, Rosa Vilchez-Carrillo, Elisa Hernandez-Torres and Jose L Navarro-Espigares
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The mechanisms underlying the interictal habituation deficit of cortical visual evoked potentials (VEP) in migraine are not well understood. Abnormal long-term functional plasticity of the visual cortex may pl...

    Authors: Gianluca Coppola, Julien Crémers, Pascale Gérard, Francesco Pierelli and Jean Schoenen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Difficulty performing more than one task at a time (dual tasking) is a common and disabling problem experienced by people with Parkinson disease (PD). If asked to perform another task when walking, people with...

    Authors: Sandra G Brauer, Marjorie H Woollacott, Robyn Lamont, Sandy Clewett, John O'Sullivan, Peter Silburn, George D Mellick and Meg E Morris
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:90
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  13. Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission. Genetic polymorphisms involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission may influence susceptibility to PD.

    Authors: Chikako Kiyohara, Yoshihiro Miyake, Midori Koyanagi, Takahiro Fujimoto, Senji Shirasawa, Keiko Tanaka, Wakaba Fukushima, Satoshi Sasaki, Yoshio Tsuboi, Tatsuo Yamada, Tomoko Oeda, Hiroyuki Shimada, Nobutoshi Kawamura, Nobutaka Sakae, Hidenao Fukuyama, Yoshio Hirota…
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Studies in animals suggest that the noradrenergic system arising from the locus coeruleus (LC) and dopaminergic pathways mutually influence each other. Little is known however, about the functional state of th...

    Authors: Ioannis U Isaias, Giorgio Marotta, Gianni Pezzoli, Osama Sabri, Johannes Schwarz, Paolo Crenna, Joseph Classen and Paolo Cavallari
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Visual loss following stroke impacts significantly on activities of daily living and is an independent risk factor for becoming dependent. Routinely, allied health clinicians provide training for visual field ...

    Authors: Stacey George, Allison Hayes, Celia Chen and Maria Crotty
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:87
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  16. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1) is one of the most prevalent neuromuscular diseases, yet very little is known about how MD1 affects the lives of couples and how they themselves manage individually and together...

    Authors: Edith HC Cup, Astrid Kinébanian, Ton Satink, Allan J Pieterse, Henk T Hendricks, Rob AB Oostendorp, Gert Jan van der Wilt and Baziel GM van Engelen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Leigh Syndrome (LS) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bilateral symmetrical necrotic lesions in the basal ganglia and brainstem. Onset is in early infancy and prognosis is poor. Causative...

    Authors: Dario Ronchi, Alessandra Cosi, Davide Tonduti, Simona Orcesi, Andreina Bordoni, Francesco Fortunato, Mafalda Rizzuti, Monica Sciacco, Martina Collotta, Sophie Cagdas, Giuseppe Capovilla, Maurizio Moggio, Angela Berardinelli, Pierangelo Veggiotti and Giacomo P Comi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:85
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  18. Paradoxical embolism due to pulmonary arteriovenous malformations is the main mechanism of brain infarction in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. International Guidelines have recently been p...

    Authors: Espartaco Ribeiro, Julien Cogez, Emmanuel Babin, Fausto Viader and Gilles Defer
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:84
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. The evidence for associations between occupational factors and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is inconsistent. We assessed the risk of PD associated with various occupational factors in Japan.

    Authors: Keiko Tanaka, Yoshihiro Miyake, Wakaba Fukushima, Satoshi Sasaki, Chikako Kiyohara, Yoshio Tsuboi, Tatsuo Yamada, Tomoko Oeda, Takami Miki, Nobutoshi Kawamura, Nobutaka Sakae, Hidenao Fukuyama, Yoshio Hirota and Masaki Nagai
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:83
    Content type: Case control study Published on:

  20. Previous studies suggest central nervous system involvement in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), yet there are no established diagnostic criteria. CFS may be difficult to differentiate from clinical depression. ...

    Authors: Frank H Duffy, Gloria B McAnulty, Michelle C McCreary, George J Cuchural and Anthony L Komaroff
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Rehabilitation for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP) aimed to improve function of the impaired upper limb (UL) uses a wide range of intervention programs. A new rehabilitative approach, called Acti...

    Authors: Giuseppina Sgandurra, Adriano Ferrari, Giuseppe Cossu, Andrea Guzzetta, Laura Biagi, Michela Tosetti, Leonardo Fogassi and Giovanni Cioni
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:80
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  23. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a naturally occurring phospholipid present in the inner leaflet of mammalian plasma membranes. Administration of PS extracted from bovine cortex (BC-PS), which contains high levels o...

    Authors: Veronika Vakhapova, Yael Richter, Tzafra Cohen, Yael Herzog and Amos D Korczyn
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogeneous clinical entity that comprises the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease (Pr-AD). New biomarkers are useful in detecting Pr-AD, but they are not universally ...

    Authors: Ana Pozueta, Eloy Rodríguez-Rodríguez, José Luis Vazquez-Higuera, Ignacio Mateo, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, Soraya González-Perez, José Berciano and Onofre Combarros
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Decompressive hemicraniectomy is a life-saving procedure for patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarctions. However, the neuropsychological sequelae in such patients have up to now received little...

    Authors: Holger Schmidt, Trutz Heinemann, Judith Elster, Marija Djukic, Stefan Harscher, Katja Neubieser, Hilmar Prange, Andreas Kastrup and Veit Rohde
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with the high mortality twofold to sixfold higher than that for ischemic stroke. But the treatment of haematomas within the basal gang...

    Authors: Houguang Zhou, Yu Zhang, Ling Liu, Xu Han, Yinghong Tao, Yuping Tang, Wei Hua, Jianzhong Xue and Qiang Dong
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Neuroregeneration is a relatively recent concept that includes neurogenesis, neuroplasticity, and neurorestoration - implantation of viable cells as a therapeutical approach.

    Authors: Ana M Enciu, Mihnea I Nicolescu, Catalin G Manole, Dafin F Mureşanu, Laurenţiu M Popescu and Bogdan O Popescu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:75
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  29. There is much discourse in healthcare about the importance of client-centred rehabilitation, however in the realm of community-based therapy post-stroke there has been little investigation into the efficacy of...

    Authors: Christine Graven, Kim Brock, Keith Hill, David Ames, Susan Cotton and Lynette Joubert
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:73
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  30. Pregnancy in patients with Parkinson disease is a rare occurrence. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of pregnancy as well as treatment in genetically confirmed autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism ...

    Authors: Takehiro Serikawa, Takayoshi Shimohata, Mami Akashi, Akio Yokoseki, Miwa Tsuchiya, Arika Hasegawa, Kazufumi Haino, Ryoko Koike, Koichi Takakuwa, Keiko Tanaka, Kenichi Tanaka and Masatoyo Nishizawa
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:72
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. Intrathecal lidocaine reverses tactile allodynia after nerve injury, but whether neuropathic pain is attenuated by intrathecal lidocaine pretreatment is uncertain.

    Authors: Kuang-I Cheng, Chung-Sheng Lai, Fu-Yuan Wang, Hung-Chen Wang, Lin-Li Chang, Shung-Tai Ho, Hung-Pei Tsai and Aij-Li Kwan
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex, leading to muscle weakness. Muscle weakness may res...

    Authors: Annerieke C van Groenestijn, Ingrid GL van de Port, Carin D Schröder, Marcel WM Post, Hepke F Grupstra, Esther T Kruitwagen, Harmen van der Linde, Reinout O van Vliet, Margreet GH van de Weerd, Leonard H van den Berg and Eline Lindeman
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:70
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  33. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a disease with a wide spectrum of symptoms and severity. In this study we analysed the predictive value of clinical signs and symptoms and the contribution of D-dimer measur...

    Authors: Christian Tanislav, Ralf Siekmann, Nicole Sieweke, Jens Allendörfer, Wolfgang Pabst, Manfred Kaps and Erwin Stolz
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. There is need for a cognitive test battery that can be easily used in clinical practice to detect or monitor cognitive performance in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In order to conduct, in this patient...

    Authors: Chris Edgar, Peter J Jongen, Evert Sanders, Christian Sindic, Sophie Goffette, Michel Dupuis, Philippe Jacquerye, Daniel Guillaume, Regine Reznik and Keith Wesnes
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of clinical, imaging and motor evoked potentials (MEP) for predicting the short-term prognosis of multiple sclerosis (MS).

    Authors: Bartolome Bejarano, Mariangela Bianco, Dolores Gonzalez-Moron, Jorge Sepulcre, Joaquin Goñi, Juan Arcocha, Oscar Soto, Ubaldo Del Carro, Giancarlo Comi, Letizia Leocani and Pablo Villoslada
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Migraine is a common disorder that often coexists with depression. While a functional polymorphism in methyleneterahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR C677T) has been implicated in depression; the evidence to su...

    Authors: Zainab Samaan, Daria Gaysina, Sarah Cohen-Woods, Nick Craddock, Lisa Jones, Ania Korszun, Mike Owen, Andrew Mente, Peter McGuffin and Anne Farmer
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Although the soleus (Sol), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles differ in function, composition, and innervations, it is a common practice is to investigate them as single H-reflex...

    Authors: Hesham N Alrowayeh, Mohamed A Sabbahi and Bruce Etnyre
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Event-related potentials (ERPs) may be used as a highly sensitive way of detecting subtle degrees of cognitive dysfunction. On the other hand, impairment of cognitive skills is increasingly recognised as a hal...

    Authors: Javier J Gonzalez-Rosa, Manuel Vazquez-Marrufo, Encarnacion Vaquero, Pablo Duque, Monica Borges, Carlos M Gomez-Gonzalez and Guillermo Izquierdo
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare lipid-storage disease. Neuromuscular abnormality and autonomic system (ANS) dysfuction in CTX are rarely examined in large-scale studies in the literature. We stu...

    Authors: Shu-Fang Chen, Nai-Wen Tsai, Chung-Chih Chang, Cheng-Hsien Lu, Chi-Ren Huang, Yao-Chung Chuang and Wen-Neng Chang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) came to attention in the 1980s, but initial investigations did not find organic causes. Now decades later, the etiology of CFS has yet to be understood, and the role of genetic p...

    Authors: Frederick Albright, Kathleen Light, Alan Light, Lucinda Bateman and Lisa A Cannon-Albright
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Fabry disease is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by progressive lysosomal accumulation of lipids in a variety of cell types, including neural cells. Small, unmyelinated nerve fibers are particula...

    Authors: Alessandro P Burlina, Katherine B Sims, Juan M Politei, Gary J Bennett, Ralf Baron, Claudia Sommer, Anette Torvin Møller and Max J Hilz
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:61
    Content type: Review Published on:

  42. A large proportion of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) regain ambulatory function. However, during the first 3 months most of the patients are not able to walk unsupported. To enable ambulatory training ...

    Authors: Markus Wirz, Carolien Bastiaenen, Rob de Bie and Volker Dietz
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:60
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  43. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and -2 (Ang-2) are keyplayers in the regulation of endothelial homeostasis and vascular proliferation. Angiopoietins may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral vasospa...

    Authors: Marlene Fischer, Gregor Broessner, Anelia Dietmann, Ronny Beer, Raimund Helbok, Bettina Pfausler, Andreas Chemelli, Erich Schmutzhard and Peter Lackner
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Thrombolysis is a dynamic and time-dependent process influenced by the haemodynamic conditions. Currently there is no model that allows for time-continuous, non-contact measurements under physiological flow co...

    Authors: Florian C Roessler, Marcus Ohlrich, Jan H Marxsen, Marc Schmieger, Peter-Karl Weber, Florian Stellmacher, Peter Trillenberg, Jürgen Eggers and Günter Seidel
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Donepezil 23 mg/d, recently approved in the United States for treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD), was developed to address the need for an additional treatment option for patients with ad...

    Authors: Martin Farlow, Felix Veloso, Margaret Moline, Jane Yardley, Elimor Brand-Schieber, Francesco Bibbiani, Heng Zou, Timothy Hsu and Andrew Satlin
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Recovery patterns of upper extremity motor function have been described in several longitudinal studies, but most of these studies have had selected samples, short follow up times or insufficient outcomes on m...

    Authors: Margit Alt Murphy, Hanna C Persson, Anna Danielsson, Jurgen Broeren, Åsa Lundgren-Nilsson and Katharina S Sunnerhagen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:56
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  47. Patients with diabetic neuropathy (DPN) and fibromyalgia differ substantially in pathogenetic factors and the spatial distribution of the perceived pain. We questioned whether, despite these obvious difference...

    Authors: Jana Koroschetz, Stefanie E Rehm, Ulrich Gockel, Mathias Brosz, Rainer Freynhagen, Thomas R Tölle and Ralf Baron
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Despite being the fastest growing and the most cognitively impaired age group, the oldest olds are under-represented in clinical research. The purpose of this study was to describe the design, methods, and bas...

    Authors: Ugo Lucca, Mariateresa Garrì, Angela Recchia, Giancarlo Logroscino, Pietro Tiraboschi, Massimo Franceschi, Chiara Bertinotti, Anna Biotti, Elena Gargantini, Marilena Maragna, Alessandro Nobili, Luca Pasina, Carlotta Franchi, Emma Riva and Mauro Tettamanti
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) may occur after trauma, usually to one limb, and is characterized by pain and disturbed blood flow, temperature regulation and motor control. Approximately 25% of cases de...

    Authors: Alexander G Munts, Winfred Mugge, Thomas S Meurs, Alfred C Schouten, Johan Marinus, G Lorimer Moseley, Frans CT van der Helm and Jacobus J van Hilten
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2011 11:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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BMC Neurology

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