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  1. Morvan syndrome (MoS) is a rare autoimmune syndrome associated with antibodies against two kinds of potassium channel proteins, contactin associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) and leucine-rich glioma inactivated ...

    Authors: Shui-Jing Zhang, Yan-Yan Xue, Hao Yu and Qing-Qing Tao

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:185

    Content type: Case report

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  3. Choosing a safe disease modifying therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging. This case series study was conducted to determine the incidence rate and the course of Covid-19 infection in MS/NMOSD pati...

    Authors: Sara Esmaeili, Mohammad Hossein Abbasi, Meysam Abolmaali, Mohammad Mojtahed, Seyedeh Niloufar Rafiei Alavi, Sevim Soleimani, Mahisa Mokhtari, Jaber Hatam, Samaneh Tanhapour Khotbehsara, Mohammad Reza Motamed, Mohammad Taghi Joghataei, Zahra Mirzaasgari and Mehdi Moghaddasi

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:183

    Content type: Research

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  4. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe pain condition and the most common facial neuralgia. While microvascular decompression (MVD) presents an excellent treatment in neurovascular compression cases, percutaneo...

    Authors: Naureen Keric, Darius Kalasauskas, Sophia L. Kreth, Martin B. Glaser, Harald Krenzlin, Sven R. Kantelhardt and Florian Ringel

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:182

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Camptocormia is common in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). The current study was aimed at assessing the frequency of camptocormia and its related factors in MSA patients with different disease dura...

    Authors: Ling Yu Zhang, Bei Cao, Qian-Qian Wei, Ru Wei Ou, Bi Zhao, Jing Yang, Ying Wu and Hui Fang Shang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:181

    Content type: Research

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  6. The present study aimed to determine the underlying genetic factors causing the possible Warburg micro syndrome (WARBM) phenotype in two Iranian patients.

    Authors: Raziyeh Khalesi, Ehsan Razmara, Golareh Asgaritarghi, Ali Reza Tavasoli, Yasser Riazalhosseini, Daniel Auld and Masoud Garshasbi

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:180

    Content type: Case report

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  7. An important cause of hemisensory syndrome is ischemic stroke. However, the diagnostic yield of neuroradiological imaging on hemisensory syndrome is low. Therefore, we aim to describe patients hospitalized wit...

    Authors: Pei Xuan Koh, Joanna Ti, Seyed Ehsan Saffari, Zhen Yu Isis Claire Lim and Tianming Tu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:179

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Migraine is a primary headache disorder and is the most common disabling primary headache disorder that occurs in children and adolescents. A recent study showed that paranasal air suction can provide relief t...

    Authors: S. M. R. Bandara, S. Samita, A. M. Kiridana and H. M. M. T. B. Herath

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:176

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Galcanezumab is a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody (mAb) indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine. While galcanezumab has demonstrated efficacy in patients who did not respo...

    Authors: Dulanji K. Kuruppu, Joshua Tobin, Yan Dong, Sheena K. Aurora, Laura Yunes-Medina and A. Laine Green

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:175

    Content type: Research article

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  12. The aim of this work is to analyze the reports on cluster headache attacks collected online in the citizen science project CLUE with respect to the effectiveness of drugs taken during the attacks. The collecti...

    Authors: Johannes Drescher, Andreas Khouri, Tina Katharina Amann, Charly Gaul, Peter Kropp, Yannic Siebenhaar and Jörg Scheidt

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:174

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Isolated anterior cerebral artery territory (ACA) infarction is a rare phenomenon, and is known to have distinctive clinical features. Little is known regarding the clinical prognosis of isolated ACA territory...

    Authors: Hyungjong Park, Young Seok Jeong, Seo Hyeon Lee, Seong Hwa Jang, Doo Hyuk Kwon, Jeong-Ho Hong, Sung-Il Sohn and Joonsang Yoo

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:171

    Content type: Research article

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  16. The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRBN-T) is one of the most sensitive and used measures for detecting cognitive impairment in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

    Authors: Claudia Sousa, Mariana Rigueiro-Neves, Ana Margarida Passos, Aristides Ferreira and Maria José Sá

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:170

    Content type: Research article

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  17. The physiological and pathological significance of the arachnoid membrane (AM) is still unknown. In this study, we investigated various characteristics of the AM, focusing on the influence of inflammation and ...

    Authors: Hime Suzuki, Takeshi Mikami, Naotoshi Iwahara, Yukinori Akiyama, Masahiko Wanibuchi, Katsuya Komatsu, Rintaro Yokoyama, Tsukasa Hirano, Ryusuke Hosoda, Yoshiyuki Horio, Atsushi Kuno and Nobuhiro Mikuni

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:169

    Content type: Research article

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  18. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk association between vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) polymorphism in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in a MS biobank and the difference in VDBP serum levels ...

    Authors: Zhila Maghbooli, Abolfazl Omidifar, Tarlan Varzandi, Tayebeh Salehnezhad and Mohammad Ali Sahraian

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:168

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is associated with inflammatory mediators that may also trigger downstream signaling pathways leading to reduce insulin sensitivity.

    Authors: Zhila Maghbooli, Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi, Nasim Rezaeimanesh, Abolfazl Omidifar, Tarlan Varzandi and Mohammad Ali Sahraian

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:167

    Content type: Research article

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  20. We report on a patient with an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), who showed delayed development of aphasia, which was demonstrated via follow up diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) to be related to neural degene...

    Authors: Min Jye Cho and Sung Ho Jang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:166

    Content type: Case report

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  21. The clinical characteristics of Parkinson’s disease (PD) differ between men and women, and late- and early-onset patients, including motor symptoms and some nonmotor symptoms, such as cognition, anxiety, and d...

    Authors: Ming Liu, Ya-Jun Luo, Han-Ying Gu, Yi-Ming Wang, Man-Hua Liu, Kai Li, Jiao Li, Sheng Zhuang, Yun Shen, Hong Jin, Jing Chen, Cheng-Jie Mao and Chun-Feng Liu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:165

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron disease with great heterogeneity. Biological prognostic markers are needed for the patients to plan future supportive treatment, palliative tre...

    Authors: Anne-Lene Kjældgaard, Katrine Pilely, Karsten Skovgaard Olsen, Anders Hedegaard Jessen, Anne Øberg Lauritsen, Stephen Wørlich Pedersen, Kirsten Svenstrup, Merete Karlsborg, Helle Thagesen, Morten Blaabjerg, Ásta Theódórsdóttir, Elisabeth Gundtoft Elmo, Anette Torvin Møller, Lone Bonefeld, Mia Berg, Peter Garred…

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:164

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Self-efficacy concerns individuals’ beliefs in their capability to exercise control in specific situations and complete tasks successfully. In people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), self-efficacy has been asso...

    Authors: Barbara Seebacher, Roger J. Mills, Markus Reindl, Laura Zamarian, Simone Kircher, Christian Brenneis, Rainer Ehling and Florian Deisenhammer

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:163

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Patients who have been successfully treated for an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) often retain multiple health complaints, including mood disorders, cognitive complaints, fatigue, and problems with ...

    Authors: Edith Nobels-Janssen, Inger L. Abma, Wim I. M. Verhagen, Ronald H. M. A. Bartels, Philip J. van der Wees and Jeroen D. Boogaarts

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:162

    Content type: Research article

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  26. The initial CT blend sign is an imaging marker that has been used to predict haematoma expansion and poor outcomes in patients with small-volume intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). However, the association of the...

    Authors: Xu Yang, Yan Zhu, Linshan Zhang, Likun Wang, Yuanhong Mao, Yinghui Li, Jinbiao Luo and Guofeng Wu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:160

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, as an early biomarker for vascular mild cognitive impairment (vMCI), has only been validated by a few studies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether compromised ...

    Authors: Man Li, Yue Li, Long Zuo, Wenli Hu and Tao Jiang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:159

    Content type: Research article

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  32. The cortical microvascular cerebral blood flow response (CBF) to different changes in head-of-bed (HOB) position has been shown to be altered in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by diffuse correlation spectroscopy ...

    Authors: Clara Gregori-Pla, Rickson C. Mesquita, Christopher G. Favilla, David R. Busch, Igor Blanco, Peyman Zirak, Lisa Kobayashi Frisk, Stella Avtzi, Federica Maruccia, Giacomo Giacalone, Gianluca Cotta, Pol Camps-Renom, Michael T. Mullen, Joan Martí-Fàbregas, Luís Prats-Sánchez, Alejandro Martínez-Domeño…

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:154

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare neuroinflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that typically involves the optic nerve, the spinal cord and other specific brain regions. In r...

    Authors: Jung Lung Hsu, Ming-Feng Liao, Kuo-Hsuan Chang, Mei-Yun Cheng and Long-Sun Ro

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:153

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  34. Stroke incidence is reportedly increasing in younger populations, although the reasons for this are not clear. We explored possible reasons by quantifying trends in neurologically focused emergency department ...

    Authors: Abhinav J. Appukutty, Lesli E. Skolarus, Mellanie V. Springer, William J. Meurer and James F. Burke

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:152

    Content type: Research article

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  37. A central goal of rehabilitation in patients with paralysis syndromes after stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI) is to restore independent mobility as a pedestrian or wheelchair user. However, after acute rehabi...

    Authors: Andreas Hug, Tamara Spingler, Cornelia Hensel, Stefan Fichtner, Tiziana Daniel, Laura Heutehaus, Michel Wensing, Rüdiger Rupp and Norbert Weidner

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:149

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  39. Until recently, it is generally considered safe to perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with an intrathecal drug administration system (ITDAS) device. In this study, we presented a case of morp...

    Authors: Seoyeon Kim and Min Kyoung Kang

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:147

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  40. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) can rarely occur in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients undergoing dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment. Our case stresses the limits of current diagnostic and strati...

    Authors: Elena Augusta Vola, Maria Petracca, Sirio Cocozza, Marcello De Angelis, Antonio Carotenuto, Giuseppe Pontillo, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Enrico Tedeschi and Roberta Lanzillo

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:146

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  41. Socioeconomic factors may be involved in risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), either indirectly or as confounding factors. In this study two comprehensive indicators reflecting socioeconomic differences, including...

    Authors: Vahid Kazemi Moghaddam, Aisha S. Dickerson, Edris Bazrafshan, Seyedeh Nahid Seyedhasani, Fereshteh Najafi, Mostafa Hadei, Jalil Momeni, Ghasem Moradi and Mohammad Sarmadi

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:145

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Lewy body dementia (LBD), consisting of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD), is the second most common type of neurodegenerative dementia in older people. The current study a...

    Authors: Jinghuan Gan, Shuai Liu, Xiaodan Wang, Zhihong Shi, Lu Shen, Xudong Li, Qihao Guo, Junliang Yuan, Nan Zhang, Yong You, Yang Lv, Dongming Zheng and Yong Ji

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:144

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. The 32-item Motor Function Measure (MFM32) is a clinician-reported outcome measure used to assess the functional abilities of individuals with neuromuscular diseases, including those with spinal muscular atrop...

    Authors: Tina Duong, Jessica Braid, Hannah Staunton, Aurelie Barriere, Fani Petridis, Johannes Reithinger, Rosangel Cruz, Jill Jarecki, Mencia De Lemus, Nicole Gusset, Ria Broekgaarden, Sharan Randhawa, Jessica Flynn, Rob Arbuckle, Sonia Reif, Lida Yang…

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:143

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disease, the clinical manifestations of which are complex and easily misdiagnosed. NIID clinical characteristics are varied, affecting the ...

    Authors: Ying Huang, Ge Jin, Qun-ling Zhan, Yun Tian and Lu Shen

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:142

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  45. Central Sensitization (CS) involves dysfunction in neurophysiological mechanisms that increase neuronal responses to both noxious and non-noxious stimuli in the central nervous system. The Central Sensitizatio...

    Authors: Jani Mikkonen, Hannu Luomajoki, Olavi Airaksinen, Randy Neblett, Tuomas Selander and Ville Leinonen

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:141

    Content type: Research article

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  46. The onset time of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may be closely related to the working style and living habits of people, which are determined by different income sources in China. Therefore, the purpose of ou...

    Authors: Yan-Yue Wang, Ning Yan, En-Yuan Wang and Yun-Tao Pu

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:140

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is occasionally seen in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Two main options are currently available for treating SEGA: surgical resection or pharmacotherapy using mamm...

    Authors: Kyoichi Tomoto, Ayataka Fujimoto, Chikanori Inenaga, Tohru Okanishi, Shin Imai, Masaaki Ogai, Akiko Fukunaga, Hidenori Nakamura, Keishiro Sato, Akira Obana, Takayuki Masui, Yoshifumi Arai and Hideo Enoki

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:139

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. The spectrum of neurological involvement in COVID-19 is not thoroughly understood. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review with meta-analysis and a sub-group comparison between severe and non-severe...

    Authors: Ahmed Yassin, Mohammed Nawaiseh, Ala Shaban, Khalid Alsherbini, Khalid El-Salem, Ola Soudah and Mohammad Abu-Rub

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:138

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Pneumonia is related to poor prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and its risk might be higher in atrial fibrillation (AF) related AIS with elevated plasma D-dimer. The aim of our study was to investigate...

    Authors: Xu Yang, Taoli Lu, Zhanli Qu, Yi Zhang, Pingping Liu and Ying Ma

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:137

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Though adherence to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) among persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) varies and is often below 80%, only few prospective studies on adherence examined predictors beyond demograph...

    Authors: Efrat Neter, Lea Glass-Marmor, Anat Wolkowitz, Idit Lavi and Ariel Miller

    Citation: BMC Neurology 2021 21:136

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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