Brainin M, Tuomilehto J, Heiss WD, Bornstein NM, Bath PM, Teuschl Y, et al. Post-stroke cognitive decline: an update and perspectives for clinical research. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(2):229–38 e13-6.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Organization WH. The ICD-10 classification of mental and Behavioural disorders: diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva. 1993.
Ballard C, Rowan E, Stephens S, Kalaria R, Kenny RA. Prospective follow-up study between 3 and 15 months after stroke: improvements and decline in cognitive function among dementia-free stroke survivors >75 years of age. Stroke. 2003;34(10):2440–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rasquin SM, Lodder J, Verhey FR. Predictors of reversible mild cognitive impairment after stroke: a 2-year follow-up study. Journal of the neurological sciences. 2005;229–230:21–5.
Tang EY, Amiesimaka O, Harrison SL, Green E, Price C, Robinson L, et al. Longitudinal Effect of Stroke on Cognition: A Systematic Review. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2018;7(2).
Rothwell PM, Coull AJ, Giles MF, Howard SC, Silver LE, Bull LM, et al. Change in stroke incidence, mortality, case-fatality, severity, and risk factors in Oxfordshire, UK from 1981 to 2004 (Oxford vascular study). Lancet. 2004;363(9425):1925–33.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Kandiah N, Chander RJ, Lin X, Ng A, Poh YY, Cheong CY, et al. Cognitive impairment after mild stroke: development and validation of the SIGNAL2 risk score. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2016;49(4):1169–77.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chander RJ, Lam BYK, Lin X, Ng AYT, Wong APL, Mok VCT, et al. Development and validation of a risk score (CHANGE) for cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):12441.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Yang J, Wong A, Wang Z, Liu W, Au L, Xiong Y, et al. Risk factors for incident dementia after stroke and transient ischemic attack. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2015;11(1):16–23.
Article
Google Scholar
Liu W, Wong A, Au L, Yang J, Wang Z, Leung EY, et al. Influence of amyloid-beta on cognitive decline after stroke/transient ischemic attack: three-year longitudinal study. Stroke. 2015;46(11):3074–80.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Lopez OL, Klunk WE, Mathis C, Coleman RL, Price J, Becker JT, et al. Amyloid, neurodegeneration, and small vessel disease as predictors of dementia in the oldest-old. Neurology. 2014;83(20):1804–11.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Roberts RO, Aakre JA, Kremers WK, Vassilaki M, Knopman DS, Mielke MM, et al. Prevalence and outcomes of amyloid positivity among persons without dementia in a longitudinal. Population-Based Setting JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(8):970–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Maurik IS, van der Kall LM, de Wilde A, Bouwman FH, Scheltens P, van Berckel BNM, et al. Added value of amyloid PET in individualized risk predictions for MCI patients. Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2019;11:529–37.
Leuzy A, Savitcheva I, Chiotis K, Lilja J, Andersen P, Bogdanovic N, et al. Clinical impact of [(18)F] flutemetamol PET among memory clinic patients with an unclear diagnosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46(6):1276–86.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Muller EG, Edwin TH, Stokke C, Navelsaker SS, Babovic A, Bogdanovic N, et al. Amyloid-beta PET-correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and prediction of Alzheimer s disease diagnosis in a memory clinic. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0221365.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Blennow K, Hampel H, Weiner M, Zetterberg H. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2010;6(3):131–44.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Perani D, Schillaci O, Padovani A, Nobili FM, Iaccarino L, Della Rosa PA, et al. A survey of FDG- and amyloid-PET imaging in dementia and GRADE analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:785039.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ikonomovic MD, Fantoni ER, Farrar G, Salloway S. Infrequent false positive [(18)F] flutemetamol PET signal is resolved by combined histological assessment of neuritic and diffuse plaques. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2018;10(1):60.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhang S, Smailagic N, Hyde C, Noel-Storr AH, Takwoingi Y, McShane R, et al. (11) C-PIB-PET for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2014;7:Cd010386.
Palmqvist S, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Vestberg S, Andreasson U, Brooks DJ, et al. Accuracy of brain amyloid detection in clinical practice using cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid 42: a cross-validation study against amyloid positron emission tomography. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(10):1282–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Adamczuk K, Schaeverbeke J, Vanderstichele HM, Lilja J, Nelissen N, Van Laere K, et al. Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid Abeta ratios in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2015;7(1):75.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Hansson O, Seibyl J, Stomrud E, Zetterberg H, Trojanowski JQ, Bittner T, et al. CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease concord with amyloid-beta PET and predict clinical progression: a study of fully automated immunoassays in BioFINDER and ADNI cohorts. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2018;14(11):1470–81.
Article
Google Scholar
Whitehead S, Cheng G, Hachinski V, Cechetto DF. Interaction between a rat model of cerebral ischemia and beta-amyloid toxicity: II. Effects of triflusal. Stroke. 2005;36(8):1782–9.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Whitehead SN, Hachinski VC, Cechetto DF. Interaction between a rat model of cerebral ischemia and beta-amyloid toxicity: inflammatory responses. Stroke. 2005;36(1):107–12.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Amtul Z, Nikolova S, Gao L, Keeley RJ, Bechberger JF, Fisher AL, et al. Comorbid Abeta toxicity and stroke: hippocampal atrophy, pathology, and cognitive deficit. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35(7):1605–14.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Thiel A, Cechetto DF, Heiss WD, Hachinski V, Whitehead SN. Amyloid burden, neuroinflammation, and links to cognitive decline after ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2014;45(9):2825–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leys D, Henon H, Mackowiak-Cordoliani MA, Pasquier F. Poststroke dementia. The Lancet Neurology. 2005;4(11):752–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fein G, Di Sclafani V, Tanabe J, Cardenas V, Weiner MW, Jagust WJ, et al. Hippocampal and cortical atrophy predict dementia in subcortical ischemic vascular disease. Neurology. 2000;55(11):1626–35.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Lee JH, Kim SH, Kim GH, Seo SW, Park HK, Oh SJ, et al. Identification of pure subcortical vascular dementia using 11C-Pittsburgh compound B. Neurology. 2011;77(1):18–25.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Selnes P, Grambaite R, Rincon M, Bjornerud A, Gjerstad L, Hessen E, et al. Hippocampal complex atrophy in poststroke and mild cognitive impairment. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 2015;35(11):1729–37.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gorelick PB, Scuteri A, Black SE, Decarli C, Greenberg SM, Iadecola C, et al. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the american heart association/american stroke association. Stroke. 2011;42(9):2672–713.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sahathevan R, Linden T, Villemagne VL, Churilov L, Ly JV, Rowe C, et al. Positron emission tomographic imaging in stroke: cross-sectional and follow-up assessment of amyloid in ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2016;47(1):113–9.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Yasuno F, Kajimoto K, Ihara M, Taguchi A, Yamamoto A, Fukuda T, et al. Amyloid beta deposition in subcortical stroke patients and effects of educational achievement: a pilot study. International journal of geriatric psychiatry. 2019.
Kim J, Basak JM, Holtzman DM. The role of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron. 2009;63(3):287–303.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
al Pe. in press. 2020.
Gottesman RF, Schneider AL, Zhou Y, Coresh J, Green E, Gupta N, et al. Association between midlife vascular risk factors and estimated brain amyloid deposition. Jama. 2017;317(14):1443–50.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Wollenweber FA, Darr S, Muller C, Duering M, Buerger K, Zietemann V, et al. Prevalence of amyloid positron emission tomographic positivity in Poststroke mild cognitive impairment. Stroke. 2016;47(10):2645–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mok V, Leung EY, Chu W, Chen S, Wong A, Xiong Y, et al. Pittsburgh compound B binding in poststroke dementia. J Neurol Sci. 2010;290(1–2):135–7.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Mok V, Xiong Y, Wong KK, Wong A, Schmidt R, Chu WW, et al. Predictors for cognitive decline in patients with confluent white matter hyperintensities. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2012;8(5 Suppl):S96–s103.
Article
Google Scholar
Hagberg G, Fure B, Thommessen B, Ihle-Hansen H, Oksengard AR, Nygard S, et al. Predictors for favorable cognitive outcome post-stroke: A-seven-year follow-up study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2019:1–11.
Ihle-Hansen H, Thommessen B, Wyller TB, Engedal K, Oksengard AR, Stenset V, et al. Incidence and subtypes of MCI and dementia 1 year after first-ever stroke in patients without pre-existing cognitive impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2011;32(6):401–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jack CR Jr, Knopman DS, Jagust WJ, Petersen RC, Weiner MW, Aisen PS, et al. Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers. The Lancet Neurology. 2013;12(2):207–16.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Jorm AF, Scott R, Cullen JS, MacKinnon AJ. Performance of the informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE) as a screening test for dementia. Psychol Med. 1991;21(3):785–90.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Hagberg G, Fure B, Sandset EC, Thommessen B, Ihle-Hansen H, Oksengard AR, et al. Long-term effects on survival after a 1-year multifactorial vascular risk factor intervention after stroke or TIA: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, a 7-year follow-up study. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2019;15:11–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Adams HP Jr, Biller J. Classification of subtypes of ischemic stroke: history of the trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment classification. Stroke. 2015;46(5):e114–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goldstein LB, Bertels C, Davis JN. Interrater reliability of the NIH stroke scale. Arch Neurol. 1989;46(6):660–2.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189–98.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Eddy JR, Sriram S. Clock-drawing and telling time as diagnostic aids. Neurology. 1977;27(6):595.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
RM R. Validity of the trail making test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills 1958;8:271–276.
Randolph C, Tierney MC, Mohr E, Chase TN. The repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS): preliminary clinical validity. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1998;20(3):310–9.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, et al. The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(4):695–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Barry D, Bates ME, Labouvie E. FAS and CFL forms of verbal fluency differ in difficulty: a meta-analytic study. Appl Neuropsychol. 2008;15(2):97–106.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sulter G, Steen C, De Keyser J. Use of the Barthel index and modified Rankin scale in acute stroke trials. Stroke. 1999;30(8):1538–41.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Sjogren M, Vanderstichele H, Agren H, Zachrisson O, Edsbagge M, Wikkelso C, et al. Tau and Abeta42 in cerebrospinal fluid from healthy adults 21-93 years of age: establishment of reference values. Clin Chem. 2001;47(10):1776–81.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Scheltens P, Weinstein HC, Leys D. Neuro-imaging in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. I. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1992;94(4):277–89.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Pantoni L, Basile AM, Pracucci G, Asplund K, Bogousslavsky J, Chabriat H, et al. Impact of age-related cerebral white matter changes on the transition to disability -- the LADIS study: rationale, design and methodology. Neuroepidemiology. 2005;24(1–2):51–62.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pasquier F, Leys D, Weerts JG, Mounier-Vehier F, Barkhof F, Scheltens P. Inter- and intraobserver reproducibility of cerebral atrophy assessment on MRI scans with hemispheric infarcts. Eur Neurol. 1996;36(5):268–72.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Fischl B, Salat DH, Busa E, Albert M, Dieterich M, Haselgrove C, et al. Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain. Neuron. 2002;33(3):341–55.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Chincarini A, Peira E, Morbelli S, Pardini M, Bauckneht M, Arbizu J, et al. Semi-quantification and grading of amyloid PET: a project of the European Alzheimer's disease consortium (EADC). NeuroImage Clinical. 2019;23:101846.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Buckley CJ, Sherwin PF, Smith AP, Wolber J, Weick SM, Brooks DJ. Validation of an electronic image reader training programme for interpretation of [18F] flutemetamol beta-amyloid PET brain images. Nucl Med Commun. 2017;38(3):234–41.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Thal DR, Rub U, Orantes M, Braak H. Phases of a beta-deposition in the human brain and its relevance for the development of AD. Neurology. 2002;58(12):1791–800.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Desikan RS, Segonne F, Fischl B, Quinn BT, Dickerson BC, Blacker D, et al. An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest. NeuroImage. 2006;31(3):968–80.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thal DR, Attems J, Ewers M. Spreading of amyloid, tau, and microvascular pathology in Alzheimer's disease: findings from neuropathological and neuroimaging studies. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2014;42(Suppl 4):S421–9.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, Jelic V, Fratiglioni L, Wahlund LO, et al. Mild cognitive impairment--beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the international working group on mild cognitive impairment. J Intern Med. 2004;256(3):240–6.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Thurfjell L, Lilja J, Lundqvist R, Buckley C, Smith A, Vandenberghe R, et al. Automated quantification of 18F-flutemetamol PET activity for categorizing scans as negative or positive for brain amyloid: concordance with visual image reads. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 2014;55(10):1623–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Petersen RC, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Rocca WA, Roberts RO, Mielke MM, et al. Association of Elevated Amyloid Levels with Cognition and Biomarkers in cognitively Normal people from the community. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73(1):85–92.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jansen WJ, Ossenkoppele R, Knol DL, Tijms BM, Scheltens P, Verhey FR, et al. Prevalence of cerebral amyloid pathology in persons without dementia: a meta-analysis. Jama. 2015;313(19):1924–38.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Logallo N, Novotny V, Assmus J, Kvistad CE, Alteheld L, Ronning OM, et al. Tenecteplase versus alteplase for management of acute ischaemic stroke (NOR-TEST): a phase 3, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint trial. The Lancet Neurology. 2017;16(10):781–8.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Nation DA, Sweeney MD, Montagne A, Sagare AP, D'Orazio LM, Pachicano M, et al. Blood-brain barrier breakdown is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction. Nat Med. 2019;25(2):270–6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhao Z, Nelson AR, Betsholtz C, Zlokovic BV. Establishment and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier. Cell. 2015;163(5):1064–78.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Hesse C, Rosengren L, Vanmechelen E, Vanderstichele H, Jensen C, Davidsson P, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid markers for Alzheimer's disease evaluated after acute ischemic stroke. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2000;2(3–4):199–206.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Tarasoff-Conway JM, Carare RO, Osorio RS, Glodzik L, Butler T, Fieremans E, et al. Clearance systems in the brain-implications for Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2015;11(8):457–70.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Garcia-Alloza M, Gregory J, Kuchibhotla KV, Fine S, Wei Y, Ayata C, et al. Cerebrovascular lesions induce transient beta-amyloid deposition. Brain : a journal of neurology. 2011;134(Pt 12):3697–707.
Article
Google Scholar