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  1. The Evaluate Patient OutComes (EPOC) study assessed physician- and patient-reported outcomes in individuals with relapsing multiple sclerosis who switched directly from injectable disease-modifying therapy (iD...

    Authors: Jonathan Calkwood, Bruce Cree, Heidi Crayton, Daniel Kantor, Brian Steingo, Luigi Barbato, Ron Hashmonay, Neetu Agashivala, Kevin McCague, Nadia Tenenbaum and Keith Edwards
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. SPG4, SPG3A and SPG31 are the three leading causes of au...

    Authors: Min-Yu Lan, Yung-Yee Chang, Tu-Hseuh Yeh, Szu-Chia Lai, Chia-Wei Liou, Hung-Chou Kuo, Yih-Ru Wu, Rong-Kuo Lyu, Jen-Wen Hung, Ying-Chao Chang and Chin-Song Lu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the leading causes of death and adult disability worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to develop a web-based risk model for predicting dynamic functional status at di...

    Authors: Ruijun Ji, Wanliang Du, Haipeng Shen, Yuesong Pan, Penglian Wang, Gaifen Liu, Yilong Wang, Hao Li, Xingquan Zhao and Yongjun Wang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The specificity of computed tomography (CT) for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is very high. However, physicians should be aware of rare false positive findings, also referred to as "pseudo-SAH". We present an...

    Authors: Maximilian Patzig, Christoph Laub, Hendrik Janssen, Lorenz Ertl and Gunther Fesl
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:219
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  5. Elevated intracranial pressure from cerebral edema is the major cause of early mortality in acute stroke. Current treatment strategies to limit cerebral edema are not particularly effective. Some novel anti-ed...

    Authors: Vishnumurthy Shushrutha Hedna, Sharathchandra Bidari, David Gubernick, Saeed Ansari, Irawan Satriotomo, Asif A Khan and Adnan I Qureshi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:213
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  6. Quality of life is poorer in Parkinson’s disease than in other conditions and in the general population without Parkinson’s disease. Malnutrition also results in poorer quality of life. This study aimed at det...

    Authors: Jamie M Sheard, Susan Ash, George D Mellick, Peter A Silburn and Graham K Kerr
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Recent studies have revealed an inverse epidemiological correlation between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cancer − patients with AD show a reduced risk of cancer, while cancer survivors are less likely to devel...

    Authors: Jian-Ming Li, Chao Liu, Xia Hu, Yan Cai, Chao Ma, Xue-Gang Luo and Xiao-Xin Yan
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:211
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  8. Polyneuropathy organomegaly endocrinopathy M-protein skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is a rare cause of polyneuropathy. Calciphylaxis, a severe disease leading to necrotic ulcers of the skin, is associated with ...

    Authors: Dorothee Heck, Miriam Mergen, Athina Ganner, Jaroslav Pelisek, Irina Mader, Cornelius Weiller and Wolf-Dirk Niesen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:210
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  9. SOX4 is a transcription factor required for tissue development and differentiation in vertebrates. Overexpression of SOX4 has been reported in many cancers including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), however, the...

    Authors: Jing Zhang, Huawei Jiang, Jiaofang Shao, Ruifang Mao, Jie Liu, Yingying Ma, Xuefeng Fang, Na Zhao, Shu Zheng and Biaoyang Lin
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:207
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. 10-40% of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) suffer an early neurological deterioration (END), which may influence their long term prognosis. Multiple definitions of END exist, even in recently publishe...

    Authors: Bernt Harald Helleberg, Hanne Ellekjær, Gitta Rohweder and Bent Indredavik
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:201
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  11. Given the increasing emphasis on the community management of spinal cord injury (SCI), strategies that could be developed and implemented in order to empower and engage individuals with SCI in promoting their ...

    Authors: Sarah EP Munce, Michael G Fehlings, Sharon E Straus, Natalia Nugaeva, Eunice Jang, Fiona Webster and Susan B Jaglal
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune condition characterized by peripheral neuropathy. The pathogenesis of GBS is not fully understood, and the mechanism of how intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) cure...

    Authors: Hui Qing Hou, Jun Miao, Xue Dan Feng, Mei Han, Xiu Juan Song and Li Guo
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:202
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Fatigue, slowness, apathy and decrease in level of activity are common long-term complaints after a subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). They resemble the symptoms frequently found in patients with endocrine dysfun...

    Authors: Ladbon Khajeh, Karin Blijdorp, Sebastian JCMM Neggers, Gerard M Ribbers, Diederik WJ Dippel and Fop van Kooten
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. As greater numbers of us are living longer, it is increasingly important to understand how we can age healthily. Although old age is often stereotyped as a time of declining mental abilities and inflexibility,...

    Authors: Meredith A Shafto, Lorraine K Tyler, Marie Dixon, Jason R Taylor, James B Rowe, Rhodri Cusack, Andrew J Calder, William D Marslen-Wilson, John Duncan, Tim Dalgleish, Richard N Henson, Carol Brayne and Fiona E Matthews
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:204
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  15. Seizures are one of the most important neurologic complications of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)-negative cryptococcal meningitis. A better understanding of the risk associated factors can help predict t...

    Authors: Chih-Wei Hung, Wen-Neng Chang, Chia-Te Kung, Nai-Wen Tsai, Hung-Chen Wang, Wei-Che Lin, Chi-Ren Huang, Chih-Cheng Huang, Wan-Chen Tsai, Hsueh-Wen Chang, Yu-Jih Su, Yu-Jun Lin, Ben-Chung Cheng, Ya-Ting Chang, Chih-Min Su and Cheng-Hsien Lu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:208
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The choice of surgical or conservative treatment for patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is controversial. Some minimally invasive treatments have been applied to hematoma evacuation and could i...

    Authors: Jun Zheng, Hao Li, Rui Guo, Sen Lin, Xin Hu, Wei Dong, Lu Ma, Yuan Fang, Anqi Xiao, Ming Liu and Chao You
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:206
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  17. Personality traits are deemed important in many fields of Medicine. The present study aimed at evaluating i) the presence of Sense-of-Coherence (SOC) in patients suffering from Parkinson’s Disease (PD) in comp...

    Authors: Annalisa Gison, Federica Rizza, Stefano Bonassi, Valentina Dall’Armi, Stefania Lisi and Salvatore Giaquinto
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Intracranial aneurysms are pathological dilatations of the cerebral artery, while rupture of intracranial aneurysms causes life-threatening subarachnoid hemorrhage. The molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of ...

    Authors: Dehua Liu, Liang Han, Xiao Wu, Xinjian Yang, Qunye Zhang and Fan Jiang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Following stroke, many people have difficulty activating their paretic muscles quickly and with sufficient power to regain their balance by taking quick and effective steps. Reduced dynamic balance and mobilit...

    Authors: Kimberly J Miller, Michael A Hunt, Courtney L Pollock, Dianne Bryant and S Jayne Garland
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:187
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  20. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare relapsing auto-immune disease of the central nervous system which is sometimes found in association with other autoimmune disorders including Sjogren’s syndrome. We present...

    Authors: Apoorva Jayarangaiah, Rahul Sehgal and Narendranath Epperla
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:200
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  22. Cardioembolic stroke (CES) due to atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with high stroke mortality. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) reduces stroke mortality, however, the impact of OAC-administration during hospit...

    Authors: Frederick Palm, Martin Kraus, Anton Safer, Joachim Wolf, Heiko Becher and Armin J Grau
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability of childhood and early detection is possible using evidence based assessments. Systematic reviews indicate early intervention trials rarely demonstrate eff...

    Authors: Catherine Morgan, Iona Novak, Russell C Dale, Andrea Guzzetta and Nadia Badawi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:203
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  24. Survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis varies considerably. About one third of the patients die within 12 months after first diagnosis. The early recognition of fast progression is essential for patients an...

    Authors: Joachim Wolf, Anton Safer, Johannes C Wöhrle, Frederick Palm, Wilfred A Nix, Matthias Maschke and Armin J Grau
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. In the absence of a gold standard, a panel of experts can be invited to assign a reference diagnosis for use in research. Available literature offers limited guidance on assembling and working with an expert p...

    Authors: Ron L H Handels, Claire A G Wolfs, Pauline Aalten, Patrick M M Bossuyt, Manuela A Joore, Albert F G Leentjens, Johan L Severens and Frans R J Verhey
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. To investigate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2, -3, and -9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 with moyamoya disease (MMD). We con...

    Authors: Young Seok Park, Young Joo Jeon, Hyun Seok Kim, In Bo Han, Seung-Hun Oh, Dong-Seok Kim and Nam Keun Kim
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Several environmental exposures, including infection with Epstein-Barr virus, low levels of vitamin D and smoking are established risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). Also, high hygienic standard and infe...

    Authors: Marte Wendel Gustavsen, Christian Magnus Page, Stine Marit Moen, Anja Bjølgerudl, Pål Berg-Hansen, Gro Owren Nygaard, Leiv Sandvik, Benedicte Alexandra Lie, Elisabeth Gulowsen Celius and Hanne F Harbo
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The eight Performance Scales and three assimilated scales (PS) used in North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) registry surveys cover a broad range of neurologic domains commonly affe...

    Authors: Eric Chamot, Ilya Kister and Gary R Cutter
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:192
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Some recent studies suggest that some imaging-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) had significant amygdala enlargement (AE). Contradictory data were also reported in previous studies regarding the associatio...

    Authors: Rui-Juan Lv, Zhen-Rong Sun, Tao Cui, Hong-Zhi Guan, Hai-Tao Ren and Xiao-Qiu Shao
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Mood disorders are commonly seen in those with cerebrovascular disease. Literature to-date has tended to focus on depression and on patients with stroke, with relatively little known about post-stroke anxiety ...

    Authors: Niall M Broomfield, Terence J Quinn, Azmil H Abdul-Rahim, Matthew R Walters and Jonathan J Evans
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Despite clear evidence for the effectiveness of oral anticoagulation (OA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), there is evidence for the underutilisation of this therapy in the secondary stroke preventio...

    Authors: Christian Tanislav, Sonja Milde, Sabine Schwartzkopff, Nicole Sieweke, Heidrun Helga Krämer, Martin Juenemann, Björn Misselwitz and Manfred Kaps
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. In experimental studies, the apolipoprotein D (APOD) and the sigma receptor type 1 (SIGMAR1) have been related to processes of brain damage, repair and plasticity.

    Authors: Håkan Lövkvist, Ann-Cathrin Jönsson, Holger Luthman, Katarina Jood, Christina Jern, Tadeusz Wieloch and Arne Lindgren
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Novel virtual reality rehabilitation systems provide the potential to increase intensity and offer challenging and motivating tasks. The efficacy of virtual reality systems to improve arm motor function early ...

    Authors: Iris Brunner, Jan S Skouen, HÃ¥kon Hofstad, Liv I Strand, Frank Becker, Anne-Marthe Sanders, Hanne Pallesen, Tove Kristensen, Marc Michielsen and Geert Verheyden
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:186
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  35. Intracranial hemorrhage in central nervous system lymphoma is extremely rare. T2*-weighted gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging is of particularly use in detecting silent hemorrhage as hypointense signals ...

    Authors: Xun-zhe Yang, Jun Ni and Li-ying Cui
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:184
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. Dementia includes a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function and a decrease in the ability to perform activities of daily living. Systematic reviews of diagn...

    Authors: Ingrid Arevalo-Rodriguez, Omar Segura, Ivan Solà, Xavier Bonfill, Erick Sanchez and Pablo Alonso-Coello
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain syndrome of unknown etiology. There is increasing evidence for small nerve fiber impairment in a subgroup of patients with FMS. We investigated whether skin cytoki...

    Authors: Nurcan Üçeyler, Susanne Kewenig, Waldemar Kafke, Sarah Kittel-Schneider and Claudia Sommer
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Reports of occurrence of deep vein thrombosis during intensive sport are scarce. While a few cases have been described in the cerebral territory, these are only in the context of traumatism or anabolic agent c...

    Authors: Sébastien Richard, Jean-Christophe Lacour, Birgit Frotscher, Ana Enea, Gioia Mione and Xavier Ducrocq
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:182
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. Even after successful detoxification, 20-40% of subjects presenting chronic migraine with symptomatic medication overuse (CMwMO) relapse into medication overuse within one year. In this restrospective analysis...

    Authors: Bruno Biagianti, Licia Grazzi, Susanna Usai and Orsola Gambini
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The investigation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a diagnostic tool for abnormal glycometabolism is lack in acute ischemic stroke patients in China and worldwide. This paper was aimed to determine whether Hb...

    Authors: Shuolin Wu, Yuzhi Shi, Yuesong Pan, Jingjing Li, Qian Jia, Ning Zhang, Xingquan Zhao, Gaifen Liu, Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang and Chunxue Wang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Dementia has been associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. However, little research has been conducted on the impact of dementia on wrist or vertebral fracture development. The aim of this study was ...

    Authors: Hao-Kuang Wang, Chao-Ming Hung, Sheng-Hsiang Lin, Yi-Cheng Tai, Kang Lu, Po-Chou Liliang, Chi-Wei Lin, Yi-Che Lee, Pei-Hsuan Fang, Li-Ching Chang and Ying-Chun Li
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:175
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Following carotid revascularization, an abrupt increase in cerebral blood flow may disrupt the blood-brain barrier, resulting in reperfusion injury. This damage to the blood-brain barrier may be reflected by s...

    Authors: Hyun-Ji Cho, Young Jin Kim, Joon Hwa Lee, Jin Woo Choi, Won-Jin Moon, Hong Gee Roh, Young Il Chun and Hahn Young Kim
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:178
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  44. BICAMS (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis) has been recently developed as brief, practical and universal assessment tool for cognitive impairment in MS subjects. It includes the S...

    Authors: Benedetta Goretti, Claudia Niccolai, Bahia Hakiki, Andrea Sturchio, Monica Falautano, Eleonora Minacapelli, Vittorio Martinelli, Chiara Incerti, Ugo Nocentini, Monica Murgia, Giuseppe Fenu, Eleonora Cocco, Maria Giovanna Marrosu, Elisabetta Garofalo, Ferdinando Ivano Ambra, Maurizio Maddestra…
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The failures of recent studies intended to prevent cerebral vasospasm have moved the focus of research into delayed cerebral ischemia away from cerebral artery constriction towards other mechanisms. Recent acc...

    Authors: Satoru Takeuchi, Kentaro Mori, Hirohiko Arimoto, Kazuya Fujii, Kimihiro Nagatani, Satoshi Tomura, Naoki Otani, Hideo Osada and Kojiro Wada
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:176
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  46. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Hashimoto's encephalopathy often show similar clinical presentation. Among Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease mimics, Hashimoto's encephalopathy is particularly important as it is treatabl...

    Authors: Jae-Won Jang, So Young Park, Young Ho Park, Jung E Kim and SangYun Kim
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:179
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  47. There is uncertainty surrounding the differences in outcomes after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) between men and women. This study aimed to investigate the sex differences in clinical characteristics, severi...

    Authors: Junshan Zhou, Yingdong Zhang, Hisatomi Arima, Yanxia Zhao, Hongdong Zhao, Danni Zheng, Youyong Tian, Yukai Liu, Qing Huang and Jie Yang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targetted to different cortical regions (primary motor/sensory, prefrontal) are known to alter somatosensory responses. The mechanism(s) for t...

    Authors: Paul Sacco, Michael Prior, Helen Poole and Turo Nurmikko
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2014 14:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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BMC Neurology

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